HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Balanced Nutrition LifestyleA. Basic InformationB. Components of Weight Management1. Dietary Requirements2. Exercise3. Behavior Modification4. Group Support5. Nutrition EducationOutline of Current Lecture I. VitaminsA. Purified Diet and Early Understanding of NutritionB. Characteristics of VitaminsC. Fat Soluble Vitamins1. Vitamin ACurrent LectureI. VitaminsA. Purified diet idea: pure sources of nutrients mixed together as earliest concept ofnutrition1. Nineteenth century society was more concerned with animal nutrition than human nutrition2. Researchers originally fed a mixture of pure carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to livestock, but the animals died3. To further study the idea, they fed rats (the first instance of their use in scientific studies) the same mixture, and all subjects died as well4. They then added liver to the rat diet and noticed fewer nutrition deficiencies and longer life spans than before5. Yale researchers Osborne and Mendel identified a compound in the liver necessary for survival in 1915a. They called it “fat soluble A”b. Mendel instituted the first nutrition program at Yale in the 1930sThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. He had a graduate student, Albert Hogan, who had a graduate student, Boyd O’Dell, who had a graduate student, Dr. Kii. O’Dell is 96 years old and has rectangularized the health curve for himself6. Researcher Funk later discovered the compound “water soluble B”a. He isolated this and found a vital amine compound, which he named “vitamine,” a term that was later given to all like compoundsb. The solution containing vitamin B had multiple smaller compounds within it also7. These studies lead to standardized terminology for water and fat soluble vitaminsa. Fat Soluble Vitaminsi. Stored and toxicii. Vitamins A, D, E, Kb. Water Soluble Vitaminsi. Not stored and less toxicii. Vitamins C, B12, B6, Thiamin, Folate, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin B. Characteristics of Vitamins1. Organic compounds2. Required in small amounts within the diet3. No energy (not a source of kcal)C. Fat Soluble Vitamins1. Vitamin Aa. Three formsi. Retinol- Stored in the liver- Also only form of vitamin A found in pill supplements, but referred to as retinyl palmitate, a stabilized form with the vitamin bound to the fatty acidii. Retinal- Not found in food- Beta-carotene (yellow-orange pigment in fruits and vegetables) is converted to this iii. Retinoic Acid- Not found in food- A drug, such as Accutane or Retin A, used for acne, skin care, and lotions or creams for anti-agingb. Functionsi. Used to make photosensitive compounds within the eye- Light enters the eye through the cornea and reaches the retina at the back of the eye- The retina contains light sensitive compounds that react chemically, sending messages to the brain to interpret and create images- Early photography mimicked this processii. Aids mucus secretion produced by epithelial tissues- Epithelial tissues lines the insides of humans and produces mucus- If vitamin A is deficient, the tissue becomes Keratin-secreting, which is a dry, brittle
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