HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I. MineralsA. IronB. IodineC. FluorideOutline of Current Lecture I. WaterA. FunctionsB. IntracellularC. ExtracellularD. ElectrolytesE. Fluid BalanceF. RecommendationsG. DeficiencyCurrent LectureI. WaterA. Functions1. Medium of the cell2. Transport (in blood, which is primarily water)3. Dissipate heat (through sweat)B. Intracellular (inside the cell): 50% of water in the bodyC. Extracellular (outside the cell, blood, interstitial fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, eyeballs): 50% of water in the bodyD. Electrolytes (minerals)1. Sodium (Na): found primarily in extracellular fluid2. Potassium (K): found primarily in intracellular fluid3. Chloride (Cl)4. Functiona. Nerve transmissionE. Fluid Balance1. Sweatinga. Swear glands beneath the skin secrete (table) salt (NaCl) and water (H2O) to the surface of the skin, which carry heat with themat they dissipateThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. The sodium concentration in blood changes as sweating occurs, asmuch water is lost and lesser amounts of sodium are lost, altering the ratioc. Blood becomes thicker as perspiration occursd. Sweating causes water to move out of the cell to balance the electrolyte concentration, making the cell function less efficientlye. As the body absorbs water in the gut, it enters the blood stream and re-enters water-lacking cellsF. Recommendations1. Drink water frequentlya. 1 pint of water = 1 pound2. Performance impaired at 2% weight loss but thirst does not occur until a 2% loss3. Preventing hyponatremia (water intoxication): low sodium levels in the blooda. Life-threatening brain swellingb. Blood diluted so that water moves into higher concentrations of electrolytes in cellsc. Drinking too much water compared to sodium intake causes thisd. Gatorade intended to replace lost electrolytes in sweat4. Potassiuma. Small amounts lost in sweat, but most remains in cellb. Food sources: Bananas and orangesG. Deficiency (dehydration)1. Heat stroke: not enough water for the production of sweat2. Cramping tendenciesa. Crampers: heavy sweaters, producing large volumes of sweat and a high concentration of sodium in that sweati. Suggests need for more sodium than usual3. Vomitinga. Loss of water and chloride4. Diarrheaa. Loss of water and sodiumb. Pedialite: salt water for infants to replenish electrolytes under these
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