UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I Africa video Outline of Current Lecture II New World Current Lecture New World First people in the western hemisphere were indigenous came from Asia came over from Bering Sea other people found in South America dating very early Hunter gatherers then farmers Produced different crops due to different climate Lived on legumes corn and potatoes tomatoes corn brought back to Europe Did not rely much on meat cattle sheep etc Did not have alloys no hard metals only copper used obsidian to make blades and tools flint for cutting Pre Clovis ca 40 000 BC Clovis 14000 BC North America Mound builders first groups of people built mounds as cemeteries Serpent mound 1070 about 1200 feet long nothing found inside of it which is unusual considering they were usually used for burial looks like a snake with something in its mouth could possibly have been a response to Hailey s Comet Cahokia 1050 1300 AD largest group Like a city in Missouri just outside of modern day St Louis About 40 000 people largest city north of Mexico One large mound over 100 feet high part of a series of mounds up to 150 or 160 surrounded by a fence large playing field in the middle used to be a building on the mound Circle of 48 posts with a central post in the middle used as a sundial to keep track of time Mounds were used as burial grounds one mound contained 800 arrowheads and 20 000 beads symbol of being a very important person shows stratification These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute South west contained many small villages in the Arizona New Mexico Colorado Utah area in the 9th century there was a population boom believed that there was a large change in climate such as rain Choco Canyon contained 9 major settlements in its large valley Pueblo Bonito 860 1130 AD o Largest of the 9 major settlements o Population of 4 000 people o Had apartments which were 4 to 5 stories high with walls 3 to 4 feet thick and a circular area Kiva used as a meeting area for the family Kiva used for educational purposes making food etc floors made of pine which came from far away o Had some kind of leader o Traded objects as far as the Pacific coast Mexico and the mound builders o Center contained one large Kiva built underground meeting place for the community could be where they made government decisions o Had a road system that was recently discovered north south road system suggests that it could ve been a religious or ceremonial center Mesa beaut was a natural rock like mound found slabs on top that had fallen slightly with inscriptions on them they were a calendar to keep track of the seasons focused on the equinoxes Anasazi Mexico modern day people from Pueblo Bonito 2 parts of their year summer and winter Believed that the dead go to the underworld but then reappear through natural holes in the earth s surface at the crucial transition between summer and winter the dead brought rain and animals and such which made the crops grow every year they perform a dance to celebrate this event Kachina spirit of the dead people reappearing and bring rain and animals for the crops Society is made up of families in clans Based their activities throughout the year on the summer and winter some clan groups belonged to winter and some to summer City was separated down the middle could be to symbolize the separation between the seasons 1100 cities deserted moved into canyons and places which can defend them Teotihuacan 100 BC 700 AD Right next to Mexico City Owed its prosperity to trade Had neighborhoods and each had their own production Population 250 000 Street of the Dead large north south road Pyramid of the Moon at the end right through the center of the town People of Mexico still go there to celebrate the summer solstice Pyramid of the Sun 5 terraces because the history of mankind is in 5 stages according to Popul Vuh was built over a natural cave which contained fire bones and shells marks the spot where the world was created Popul Vuh creation myth of the Maya 2 gods Feathered Serpent gives good things to mankind Crocodile God of Rain brings good things through rain there was shrine to these gods Literate they wrote but we cannot read their writing shows that they are not Mayan though they were in contact we can read Mayan writing Maya 300 900 AD Honduras Guatemala El Salvador area Series of rival kingdoms constantly fighting Tropical area good for farming At the center of each kingdom was a large court complex urban center with pyramids tombs palaces etc Tikal popular with a large tomb had a ball playing area like in Popul Vuh Writing was called glyphs which we can read 80 of today Mayan codex filled with stories telling about the creation myth and their history Mayan calendar extremely accurate had a place system that moved vertically instead of left to right like ours cared about keeping track of the stars and the planet because it was related to the gods Hernan Cortes 1519 Spanish conquistador arrived in western hemisphere and converted local population to Catholicism