PSC 1113 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I Getting Nominated for the Judiciary II The Bureaucracy Outline of Current Lecture I The Bureaucracy Current Lecture I The Bureaucracy A Congress does not have the time expertise and ability to do everything B Agencies created with clear purposes given authority to make policy decisions 1 USPCA postal service environmental protection agency C Congress gives general guidelines bureaucracy works out the details D Implementation executing these guidelines E Holding them accountable 1 President appoint and remove heads recognize use executive orders 2 Congress abolish programs refuse to fund investigate compel testimony write legislation to limit action 3 Court rule is bureaucrats are acting within the law if decisions are constitutional 4 In total this is oversight i 2 strategies a Police patrols regularly checking in on bureaucrats 1 Think of a policeman walking a beat and hitting the same spots at regular intervals b Fire alarms only checking in when something goes wrong 1 Think of firemen waiting in a firehouse for a fire and jumping into action when the get the call ii Media investigation as oversight a Write stories to gain a public reaction b Write stories to appeal to elites c Work with elites to create awareness iii Muckraking These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute a History 1 Origins lie in the early 1900s b Key 1 Shift in journalism meant independent fact based investigation not sensationalized and partial c Primarily in magazines at the time allowed for long form approach and made magazines stand out d Major stories exposing business conditions and corruption in government 1 Results breakdown of corporations new laws to protect citizens new strategies of campaigning 2 Journalism in the 20th century full of major muckrakers Carson and pesticides Nader and automobiles Woodward Bernstein and Watergate e Simple Muckraking Model 1 Journalistic investigation 2 Publication 3 Public opinion 4 Policy initiatives 5 Policy consequences f Variations of the Simple Muckraking Model 1 Leaping impact when we see a step skipped i Usually public opinion 2 Truncated when we see a breakdown in the model i Likely at public opinion or policy initiatives ii Maybe at publication g Eight Stages of the Policy Process 1 Recognition public sees a problem 2 Agenda setting government recognizes the problem too 3 Deliberation debate over what government should do 4 Enactment a law is passed 5 Implementation laws are turned into actual programs 6 Outputs rules and regulations laid out by bureaucracy 7 Outcomes policy has an effect on society 8 Evaluation oversight is the policy working
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