P SC 1113 1st EditionExam 2 Study Guide Lectures: 10 - 18These notes cover all of the material the Lecture Concepts for Exam 2 (given to us in discussion)guides us to focus on. Please consult the textbook for more concepts, more terms, and a better understanding of the materialI. Lecture 10 (February 19)A. What questions do potential candidates ask themselves before running for office?1. Do you want this, or are you being dragged in?2. Does your family want this too?3. Can you handle the 24/7 nature of campaigning?4. Can you raise money?5. Do you have credentials?6. Do you have the time?7. Do you have bases of support?8. Can you get endorsement?9. How would you assemble a staff?i. You need people to work on your behalf10. Do you have access to outside help?i. Pollsters, consultants, media, field, organizers11. Are you well-known regionally? Nationally?12. Is there anything in your political/personal past that might haunt you?II. Lecture 11 (February 24)A. What is the permanent campaign and how/why does it matter?1. Definition: Melding of governing and campaigningi. Need lots of money (less time writing bills/voting/meeting with constituents and more time gathering money)a. If you’re so busy running for office are you actually doing what you were elected to do?ii. Still thinking about how to get reelectediii. Politicians are constantly running for office and it’s beginning earlier and earliera. Politicians govern not necessarily to help society, but to hold onto or seize power2. The good and the bad of permanent campaigni. Good: Does it force politicians to listen more?ii. Good: Does it offer more opportunities to participate?iii. Bad: Too much short term thinkingiv. Bad: Rise in combativeness (talk about how great you are and how horrible everyone against you is)3. Obama is thinking about how to help his legacy and how to help democrats in the future4. Democrats in congress are thinking about how they can take back the House, hold theSenate, and help the presidential campaign5. Republicans are wondering how they can hold on to the House, win the Senate, and win back the presidencyB. What is the invisible primary?1. Invisible Primary: networking between candidates and elites to potentially build electorally useful relationshipsi. Potential candidates are doing what they would do during a primary (prepping thestage, seeing how well they’re perceived, traveling)a. Court fellow partisans around the nationb. Work with interest groupsc. Get local leaders and national figures on boardii. Must build human supportiii. Realization: candidates can’t win on their ownIII.Lecture 11 and 12 (February 24 and February 26)A. How do elites determine which candidates to support?1. Their considerations:i. Who is electable in November?ii. Who will unify the party?iii. Who will satisfy policy concerns?iv. Who will continue to listen?v. Can we come together early rather than diving resources?IV. Lecture 12 (February 26)A. Why do endorsements matter?1. Endorsement: a currency for candidatesi. Get elites to support you publiclyii. Endorsements turn into media coverageiii. Endorsements can come from celebritiesiv. Endorsements turn into labor on the groundv. Endorsements turn into money (primarily to get your message out on your own)vi. Political endorsement gets a person’s name outa. Say one candidate was running for office then decided to not run(1) The votes one candidate would’ve gotten can now go to the person they’reendorsing (for the most part)2. Fundraisingi. How would you get your name out there if nobody knew who you were?ii. Could rely on “free media” like newspapers, TV, radio, internetiii. Problem: will they cover you? Will it be positive?B. What are West’s Principles of Advertising?1. Stereotyping: rely on a commonly held portrait or oversimplified judgment2. Association: link the candidate to something positive or negative3. Demonization: Turn your opponent into something evil4. Code word: use well-known language with meaningC. What are West’s advertising production techniques?1. Visual images2. Visual text3. Music and sounds4. Color5. Editing6. Voice-oversV. Lecture 12 and 13 (February 26 and March 3)A. Why don’t some people take part in politics?1. Gosnell’s “Non-Voting: Causes and Methods of Control”i. 4 categories of non-voters in the surveya. “Physical difficulties” (illness, absence, detained by helpless member of family)b. “Legal or administrative obstacles” (insufficient legal residence, fear of loss ofbusiness or wages, congestion at the polls, poor location of polling booth, fear of disclosure of age)c. “Disbelief I voting” (disbelief in women’s voting, objections of husband, belief that one vote counts for nothing, disgust with politics, disgust with own party, belief that ballot box is corrupted, disbelief in all political action)d. “Inertia” (general indifference, indifference to particular election, intended to vote but failed ignorance or timidity regarding elections)VI. Lecture 13 (March 3)A. Who do some people participate in politics?1. Four Reasons to Participate (by Verba, Schlozman, and Brady)i. Material benefits: want to solve personal problemsii. Social gratification: exciting, enjoymentiii. Civic gratification: sense of duty, doing one’s shareiv. Collective outcomes: want to influence policy for allB. What is mobilization and how do campaigns mobilize the public?1. Process by which candidates/parties/activists/groups convince others to participate2. Two types: direct and indirecti. Direct: personal contact from campaign through door-to-door/mail/speechesii. Indirect: contact through surrogates (media, supporters, endorsers)3. Strategies of Political Mobilization:i. Don’t mobilize everyone, don’t mobilize all the timea. Pick and choose who you spend your time and energy trying to convinceb. Be strategic about when you start trying to convince othersii. Get the most effective number of people with the least amount of effort4. Campaigns get people prepared and excited and make them wish to get involvedVII. Lecture 13 and 14 (March 3 and March 5)A. Who/what shapes political development and why?1. Familyi. Why do parents succeed?a. Time spent together equals opportunitiesb. Frequent political discussions = 20% more likely to vote and continue votingc. Strong directional bonds between family and children translate to politicsii. Party ID is the strongest transfera. Past studies show that if your parents agree with