P SC 1113 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I How Does Representation Work II Freedom of Expression Lawsuits Outline of Current Lecture I Original Philosophies II Testing Tolerance III Rights and the Path to Leadership Current Lecture I Original Philosophies A Founders didn t always live up to these ideals 1 Alien and Sedition Acts attempting to curb discussion that s against the government i 1919 s Schenck case handing out pamphlets to encourage avoiding the draf ii 1931 Near vs Minnesota Near was a disliked newspaper editor critical of people in power attempted to expose corruption in the federal government B Over time there has been a shif from the balancing doctrine balancing the pendulum between freedom and protection to what some call fundamental freedoms doctrine where government has to meet heavy burden only limit speech in extreme cases 1 New York Times vs United States 1971 Leaked classified documents on state of Vietnam War i An example of government failing to meet this heavy burden ii Public was being fed one thing about the war and these documents said something else that was much more negative iii NYT thought the public needed to know that the war wasn t as agreeable as they thought iv NYT won proving that the courts do what they can to protect Freedom of Expression These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 Who s swinging the pendulum i Three cases above government vs individual media ii At times government action built on foundation of public opinion iii Key to moving the pendulum perception of threat 3 A Gallup Question survey company i In order to curb terrorism in this country do you think it will be necessary for the average person to give up some civil liberties or not a 1930s 30 of public says yes b Afer 9 11 just under 60 of public says yes c By 2009 back down to 30 d There were similar downward trends for national ID cards government ability to monitor credit cards phone and email 1 People don t view these as necessary like they did right afer 9 11 ii Examples of actual limitations we ve undergone a Privacy perhaps diminished over time National Security Agency b Airport security II Testing Tolerance A Vague questions like do you believe in freedom of speech lead to strong support B Start naming groups and support drops C Sullivan Piereson and Marcus the least liked group changes over time 1 Communists atheists etc aren t as feared lately 2 Why Threats change new issues pop onto agenda D Norms and Power Conditioning 1 Marcus Sullivan Theiss Morse and Wood i Tolerance is shaped by multiple assessments of the situation ii Do we think demonstrators will follow norms cooperate with police follow routes or be violent and cause trouble iii Do we think demonstrators have any chance of gaining power iv The Skokie example a No to the first norms b A mixed history on the second power III Rights and the Path to Leadership A Tom Bradley well liked was projected to win but lost B David Dinkins was projected to win by much more than he actually did C Why were the polls wrong 1 Explicit vs Implicit Prejudice i Explicit Consciously endorsed negative attitudes based on group membership ii Implicit associations that come to mind unintentionally whose influence on thought and action may not be consciously recognized and can be difficult to control iii Examples above known as The Bradley Effect a Individuals say they re open to diversity in office but when it s time to vote they actually vote differently iv Is the 2008 presidentially election a true sign that we ve advanced a The polls said Obama would win by 8 points and he won by 7 so they were super close v Considerations a How attitudes toward groups play out electorally b The underrepresentation issue from lecture 4 and whether or not bias drives it c How types of prejudice affect extension of rights described in the text book GOVT vi The Data on Race and Ethnicity a 1958 35 willing to support a well qualified African American presidential candidate b 1997 and beyond 90 plus c In recent surveys there s a similar willingness to support Latino candidates d 2011 Pew Survey 85 said candidate s race wouldn t matter others say it helps or hurts e These numbers may be slightly elevated by implicit prejudice but we have gotten better as a nation vii How might Hilary Clinton s gender help or hurt her if at all in a run for the White House in 2016 a The data on gender 1 1937 1 3 of Americans willing to support a well qualified woman presidential candidate 2 1950s and 1960s 50 3 2002 65 said they would 28 said unsure 7 said no