HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I Minerals A Calcium 1 Function 2 Deficiency 3 Food Sources 4 Toxicity Outline of Current Lecture I Minerals A Iron 1 Function 2 Deficiency 3 Iron in Food 4 Toxicity B Iodine 1 Function 2 Deficiency 3 Food Source 4 Toxicity C Fluoride 1 Function 2 Deficiency 3 Food Sources 4 Toxicity Current Lecture I Minerals A Iron 1 Function a Hemoglobin protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen contains iron i 75 of iron in the body is in blood b Myoglobin protein in muscle that binds to oxygen 2 Deficiency a Iron deficiency anemia fatigue microcytic small red blood cells These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Red blood cells are deoxygenated making a person pale less iron means less hemoglobin meaning less bright red color b At risk groups i Children Breastfeeding is adequate for the first 4 6 months At one year old switch from infant formulas to cow s milk o Cow s milk is a poor source of iron o Nonissue is other foods are consumed o Babies who consume cow s milk as their staple iron deficiency will occur ii Women Require approximately double of men s recommendation Menstruation causes loss of blood which must be replaced Often consume less than men however iii Athletes Sports anemia As people train they increase blood volume to deliver more blood to muscles Easy to increase fluid of blood through water but new red blood cells must increase also Dilution Effect appearance of anemia but not functionally so iv Vegetarians Meat is a good source of iron 3 Iron in Food a Two types of iron i Heme iron bound in proteins found in meat 25 of iron in diet Well absorbed 20 efficiency of absorption Not affected by other dietary components ii Non heme iron plants lack blood and muscle fortified foods breakfast cereal enriched grains supplements 75 of iron in diet Not well absorbed Affected by other dietary components o Vitamin C and the meat factor enhanve absorption of non heme iron my 2 to 3 fold o Milk due to calcium and tea due to tannins interfere with iron absorption by as much as 75 b Food Source i Liver ii Meats red meats are better than white meats iii Raisins iv Prunes v Molasses vi Cast iron skillets 4 No toxicity of iron B Iodine 1 Function a Component of thyroid hormone 2 Deficiency a Goiter enlarged thyroid gland i Iodine found in oceans thus soil near seas has adequate iodine ii The further from the sea the higher the risk of goiter 3 Food Source a Iodized salt b Seafood 4 No toxicity of iodine C Fluoride 1 Function a Calcium phosphorus together form hydroxyapatite and fluoride form fluorapatite once deposited into bone and teeth making the protein matrix stronger decay resistant and less water soluble b Fluoride concentration in water major contributor to consumption 2 Deficiency a Tooth decay 3 Food Sources a Fluoridated water community decision also bottled water b Toothpaste 4 Toxicity a Mottled teeth discoloration but tooth is still healthy
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