PSYCH 2606 1st Edition Lecture 33Outline of Previous Lecture I. Finish up 3rd perspective of discriminationA. ingroup vs outgroupII. outgroup homogeneity effect A. distinctiveness, illusory correlationsIII. stereotype threat, self fulfilling prophecy, social facilitationOutline of Current Lecture I. overview of experiments and social facilitationII. social loafing, group decision makingA. groupthink 1. self censorship, risky shift, susceptibility factors, motivation, symptoms, preventionB. group polarization1. explanations/contributionsIII. leadership and power A. social hierarchy,Current Lecture ● experiments : when being watched, put on own clothes quicker and put on lab clothes slower○ when NOT being watched, put on own clothes quicker, and put on lab clothes a little bit faster than before ○ even the perception of being watched/evaluated affects us ● Social Loafing: tendency to exert less effort if you are working on a group task if there is not a good way to track individual effort ● Group Decision Making : how are we influenced in the presence of others?○ Groupthink : when a group makes a faulty decision as a result of a pressure from the group to come to a consensus (mental efficiency, moral judgement, and reality checks aredegraded)■ setting aside their own beliefs and thoughts in the interest of making the group more cohesive■ Self-Censorship : idea that you will withhold information when making a group decision■ Risky Shift : in a group, people are more likely to make risky decisions compared to when they are alone ■ Susceptibility Factors : highly cohesive group, if there is a strong leader, insulated from outside opinions, no procedures for evaluating alternatives, external stress/threat, motivation■ Motivation : pressure to reach consensus■ Symptoms : feel invulnerable, illusion of unanimity, belief in inherent morality of group, stereotyping outgroups, pressure on people who disagree (dissenters), self censorship, not considering alternatives, unrealistic optimism/underappreciated risks, no back up plan ■ Prevention : group leaders refraining from making their opinion known at first, have leader originally discuss decision with each member individually, bring in outside opinions, assigning a “devils advocate”, develop an alternative plan○ Group Polarization : tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than those made by individuals■ explanations/contributions : persuasive arguments, social comparison (if we don'thave a standard to compare ourselves against then we compare ourselves to everybody around us), valuing risk● Leadership & Power ○ Social Hierarchy … who becomes a leader?■ people who have expertise and skills that are relevant to the goals of the group and essential to the groups desired