PSYC 2606 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. Causal attributionA. covariation principle1. internal vs external B. counterfactual thoughts, emotional amplification, attribution theoryII. Errors and Biases in attributionA. self serving attribution bias, fundamental attribution error, just-world hypothesis Outline of Current Lecture What is emotion?I. James Lange theory, Cannon Bard theory, appraisal process, core-relational theme, primary appraisal stage, secondary appraisal stage Universal vs. Cultural EmotionI.Current Lecture What is emotion?● brief specific psychological and physical responses that serve as motivators for behavior ○ response to the environment ○ specific and brief (not the same thing as a mood because it is momentary)● James Lange Theory: see something then you get a physiological response (autonomic arousal) first and then you become conscious of emotion (physical reaction first in response to stimulus and then you have awareness of your reaction)● Cannon Bard Theory: see something then you have activity in your brain that at the SAME timesends out a signal for your physiological response (autonomic arousal) and your conscious emotion● Appraisal Process: you get the conscious awareness of your reaction and you judge the situation (your reaction/assessment). The ways people evaluate events and the objects in their environment in relationship to their current goal/want in the moment.● Core-relational theme: the central thing you are reacting to● Primary Appraisal Stage: initial or automatic judgement of that certain event (usually oriented with survival)● Secondary Appraisal Stage: reevaluate later about a situation○ may weigh consequences of different kinds of actionsUniversal vs. Cultural Emotion- highly recognizable emotions across all different cultures - there are about 6 facial expressions that everyone recognizesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- 80% to 90% accuracy across cultures- Facial expressions adaptive for survival ● Principle of Serviceable Habits: all of our emotional expressions are remnants of what used to be behaviors of previous ancestors1. emotional expression is universal and all humans have the same 30 to 40 facial muscles to make these expressions2. emotional expression should resemble that of mammals and primates3. blind people should also show the same expressions (supporting universality)● Cultural Differences in emotional expression: there is a gradient of recognition because of cultural differences (emotional accents)○ culturally specific ways that individuals express emotions ● Focal emotions: emotions especially common within a particular culture○ ex. interdependent (compassion, shame) vs. independent (selfish)● Hypercognize: there is a word that we have a lot of words for to express that idea (an idea that is more popular within a culture so they have more words for it)● Display Rules: rules that explain how and when and where it is okay to express a certain emotion● Nonverbal Communication: symbols that mean certain things in certain