HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Fat Soluble Vitamins continued A B Vitamins 1 Niacin continued 2 Vitamin B6 3 Folate 4 Vitamin B12 Outline of Current Lecture I Minerals A Calcium 1 Function 2 Deficiency 3 Food Sources 4 Toxicity Current Lecture I Minerals A Elements found on the periodic table of elements required in the diet 1 Stable in conditions of air water and heat exposure 2 Ash is the remaining minerals after a substance is burned up a Ash content mineral content B Macro minerals calcium phosphorus magnesium C Micro minerals iron zinc copper iodine fluoride D Calcium 1 Function a 99 of body calcium found in bones and teeth i The collagen protein matrix of bone mineralizes with calcium and phosphorus b Cell metabolism i Muscle contraction 2 Deficiency a Osteomalacia demineralized bone can re mineralize b Osteoporosis loss of bone mass demineralization and deterioration of protein matrix i Spongy bone with holes poles These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii At risk regions hip spine wrist iii Irreversible iv Considered a disease of aging chronic but occurs occasionally in young women with low body fat v Risk factors genetic susceptibility sedentary life style without weight bearing exercise and diet vi Bone mass peaks at thirty years of age plateaus until age fifty and then begins to decline In cases of low calcium intake for older people this accelerates the loss of bone and increases risk of osteoporosis If younger individuals do not consume adequate calcium they never reach their potential peak bone mass so that even if they begin to consume more calcium later in life the risk of osteoporosis becomes heightened 3 Food Sources a Milk 1 cup 300 mg i DRI 1000 mg ii Calcium is water soluble so skim milk like all other types of milk retains the same amount of calcium iii Chocolate contains oxalates which bind to calcium preventing full absorption of calcium but negligible in regards to the amount of calcium ingested iv Cheese 1 ounce 200 mg v Yogurt 6 ounces 350 mg vi Lactate has already undergone lactose digestion prior to consumption but still retains its calcium Asians Africans and Native Americans become unable to digest lactose as they age Caucasians retain this ability b Broccoli cup 50 mg c Fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 mg d Fortified soy milk and fortified almond milk 1 cup 350 mg 4 Toxicity a 2X RDA usually through supplements b Kidney stones c Supplement i Calcium citrate calcium tartrate calcium lactate well absorbed and provide good source of calcium more expensive ii Calcium carbonate decent calcium source tums iii Dolomite contains calcium but a poor source iv Coral calcium ocean polluted with lead and mercury toxic minerals thus polluting the coral
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