ANTH 0780 1nd Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Gift A. Marcel Mauss1. Goal2. Approach to problemB. Total social phenomenaC. It enacts and reveals the social institutions through its movement D. Levi-Strauss’s structuralismE. Shows a cross-cultural comparison II. Total Social ServicesA. “Total Social Services”- the gift and gift exchange represent a “total social phenomenon”is because of the way it happens in archaic societies B. Total Social Services C. PotlatchD. Specific characteristics E. Two types of goods in Samoa 1. Oloa (masculine)2. Tonga (feminine)3. Example: Child4. Object as TalismanIII. Active Nature of Exchanged Goods A. Maori Tonga:B. Illuminates two important social systems1. Legal System2. The system of obligationC. Total Services1. Compulsory nature of exchange- three obligationsOutline of Current Lecture I. CommodityA. DefinitonB. Differences with the gift form1. Temporality2. Sociality3. Non-enduring nature of exchange II. ValueThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Use ValueB. Exchange ValueC. Money D. Fetishism of commoditiesE. Meaning of “commodity” has shiftedIII. “Consumer Dilemmas and the State of Russian Civilization”A. Ethnographic researchB. Patico’s Research Question C. Patico’s Thesis world. D. Patico’s Strategy- Consumption in St. Petersburg1. USSR prior to the mid-1980s2. Greatest variety in Perestroika3. After 1991IV. Meaning of ConsumptionA. Consumption definitionB. Categories are fluid C. Linked to how one participates in the economyD. Consumption Current LectureI. CommodityA. Refers to any item that can be exchanged for another item. B. Differences with the gift form1. Temporality- exchanged immediately2. Sociality- between individuals rather than groups3. Non-enduring nature of exchange- ability to exchange with whomever II. ValueA. Use Value- value we receive from using a particular commodityB. Exchange Value- value for which an object can be exchanged (based upon the amount oflabor the it took to produce a commodity)C. Money - commodity that can be exchanged for all other commoditiesD. Fetishism of commodities1. Value imagined as being part of object rather than product of labor2. Consequences- labor can now be exchanged for money3. Alienation of labor from productionE. Meaning of “commodity” has shifted1. No longer consider object that is produced for exchange2. Now connotes the idea of mass produced items or those with the most severe forms of labor alienationIII. “Consumer Dilemmas and the State of Russian Civilization”A. Ethnographic research performed during 1998 and 1999 Russian ruble crisis – Rapid and extreme inflation B. Patico’s Research Question– How has the crisis effected middle class consumption practices in Russia? Has this impacted the way people imagine themselves? C. Patico’s Thesis- That consumption practices speak to people’s changing ideas about theirplace in the world—both as the middle class in Russia and as Russians in the wider world. D. Patico’s Strategy– Work and shop with teachers in St. Petersburg E. Consumption in St. Petersburg1. USSR prior to the mid-1980s– Centralized production and distribution – Limited quantities and quality2. Greatest variety in Perestroikaa. Political and economic changes during the 1980s b. Attempted to reform system of centralized-production to one that was more market-oriented c. Created space for private enterprise d. Realization USSR commodities perhaps not so great 3. After 1991a. Inundated with foreign commoditiesb. Faced with dilemma of how to determine which products to buyc. Not based on materials used but on location of productiond. Resulted in new cultural and social hierarchiesIV. Meaning of ConsumptionA. Consumption maps how one imagines one’s place in the world B. Categories are fluid and contingent(not based solely on consumption)C. Linked to how one participates in the economy and reveals cultural valuesD. Consumption 1. Not about constructing the self 2. About communicating cultural values 3. Positioning oneself with social and cultural hierarchies both locally and