ANTH 0780 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. LanguageA. DefinitionB. Distinct from speechC. McGurk effectD. Is a bicultural II. LinguisticsA. OpennessB. ArbitrarinessC. Linguistic relativity principle1. Strong linguistic determinism2. Weak linguisticsD. Competence in languageE. DiscourseF. Language inequalityG. Language ideologyOutline of Current Lecture I. Language used in ritualA. Victor Turner defined three stages1. Separation- you are society are separated by something2. Margin- one enters an ambiguous stage that is dangerous3. Aggregation- ritual reenters one in society and class struggles become evidentB. He was interested in exploring the relationship between social structure, liminality, and communitasC. Believed liminal states are part of a dialectical process by which social structures recreate themselvesD. Most interested in the margin in this chapterE. Communitas- Group of people who concurrently occupy the liminal space and are equal F. Liminality- everyone in liminalilty has the same status1. Liminality is powerful because it implies that there is a relationship between those with more and less structural power These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Structural AuthorityA. Turner states authority or power is embedded within particular social positionsB. Not every position endowed with the same authorityC. Liminality reconciles these competing types of by structurally erasing all distinctions between members of the communitasD. Importance of Communitas1. Communitas is created through ordeals and humiliation2. Destroys previous statusand prepares communitas members for the new responsibilitiesas it restrains future abuses of officeE. These practices recreate the social systems by making participants engage in a process that forces them to see their position within a system as social contingent rather than a rightF. There are social positions/figures that remind those with more structural authority of the contingent nature of their power and represent the “sentiment of humanity”G. Examples of marginality: Jester or Good Samaritan III. Dialectic and Social StructureA. Dialectic- Hegelian idea that there is always a relationship between opposing forces that consistently push each other forwardB. Dialectic of Ritual1. According to Turner, social life is an experience of the types of dualism identified in a Hegelian dialectic2. Ritual is a means to reconcile the competing social forcesCurrent LectureI. Language used in ritualA. Victor Turner defined three stages1. Separation- you are society are separated by something2. Margin- one enters an ambiguous stage that is dangerous3. Aggregation- ritual reenters one in society and class struggles become evidentB. He was interested in exploring the relationship between social structure, liminality, and communitasC. Believed liminal states are part of a dialectical process by which social structures recreate themselvesD. Most interested in the margin in this chapterE. Communitas- Group of people who concurrently occupy the liminal space and are equal F. Liminality- everyone in liminalilty has the same status1. Liminality is powerful because it implies that there is a relationship between those with more and less structural power II. Structural AuthorityA. Turner states authority or power is embedded within particular social positionsB. Not every position endowed with the same authorityC. Liminality reconciles these competing types of by structurally erasing all distinctions between members of the communitasD. Importance of Communitas1. Communitas is created through ordeals and humiliation2. Destroys previous statusand prepares communitas members for the new responsibilitiesas it restrains future abuses of officeE. These practices recreate the social systems by making participants engage in a process that forces them to see their position within a system as social contingent rather than a rightF. There are social positions/figures that remind those with more structural authority of the contingent nature of their power and represent the “sentiment of humanity”G. Examples of marginality: Jester or Good Samaritan III. Dialectic and Social StructureA. Dialectic- Hegelian idea that there is always a relationship between opposing forces that consistently push each other forwardB. Dialectic of Ritual1. According to Turner, social life is an experience of the types of dualism identified in a Hegelian dialectic2. Ritual is a means to reconcile the competing social