ANTH 0780 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. PowerA. Structure (Power of the strong)B. Communitas (Power of the weak)C. Dialectic between structure and communitasII. Victor Turner’s ExamplesA. CommunitasB. Strong legal authority through patriliny1. TallensiIII. NuerA. Weak legal authority B. Matrilineal descentC. NtoroOutline of Current Lecture I. Relatedness and BelongingA. Relatedness1. Achieved Statuses2. Ascribed StatusesB. Imagined CommunitiesC. Kinship1. Social relationships 2. Not Biologically determined These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Sexb. Genderc. SupernumeraryD. MarriageII. DescentA. DefinitionB. Descent in Kinship C. Bilateral Descent D. Bilateral KindredE. Unilateral Descent1. Definition2. Lineage3. Clan 4. PatrilineageCurrent LectureI. Relatedness and BelongingA. Relatedness– socially recognized ties that connect people in a variety of ways1. Achieved Statuses- social positions people may attain later in life, often as the result of their own (or other people’s) efforts2. Ascribed Statuses– social positions people are assigned at birth.B. Imagined Communities1. Term coined by Benedict Anderson in 1984 2. Nationality became a political idea and focused a great deal on the how the intersection of language and technology created a sense of shared socio-political space3. Idea that people who belong to a group come to think of themselves as a group not through face-to-face interaction but through shared experiences C. Kinship1. Social relationships that are prototypically derived from the human experience ofmating, birth, and nurturance2. Not Biologically determined because of difference between sex and gendera. Sex: Observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humansb. Gender: Cultural construct of the beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sexc. Supernumerary (more than the two standard sexes) – Eunuchs (ByzantineEmpire)– Hijras (Gujarat, India)D. Marriage1. Institution that transforms the status of participants, gives sexual access, gives offspring a position in society, and establishes connection between the kin of those who are marriedII. DescentA. Definition: Principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belongB. Descent in Kinship- based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define social categories to which people belong C. Bilateral Descent 1. Descent group formed by people who believe they are related to each other by connections made through their mother and father equally D. Bilateral Kindred1. Kinship group that consists of the relatives of one person or group of siblings 2. Meaning that relations are judged from the point of view of one person, who is generally referred to as the Ego. E. Unilateral Descent1. The principle that a descent group is formed by people who believe they are related to each other by links made through a father or mother only2. Lineage- the links to a common, known ancestry through which descent groups imagine themselves to be connected3. Clan - a descent group formed by members who believe that have a common ancestor 4. Patrilineagea. A social-group formed by people connected by father-child linksb. Examples from Turner: Tallensi, Nuer on Matrilineage, and the Ashantic. A social-group formed by people connected by mother-child