ANTH 0780 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Relatedness and BelongingA. Relatedness1. Achieved Statuses2. Ascribed StatusesB. Imagined CommunitiesC. Kinship1. Social relationships 2. Not Biologically determined a. Sexb. Genderc. SupernumeraryD. MarriageII. DescentA. DefinitionB. Descent in Kinship C. Bilateral Descent D. Bilateral KindredE. Unilateral Descent1. Definition2. LineageThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Clan 4. PatrilineageOutline of Current Lecture I. Why are lineages important?A. Define political and social rights and responsibilitiesB. PoliticalII. How are they assigned?A. Kinship positionsB. GenerationC. GenderD. AffinityE. CollateralityF. BifurcationG. Relative AgeH. Gender of linking relativeIII. Adoption A. DefinitionB. Blurs the boundaries of kinship categoriesC. Example: aunt and motherD. AnthropologistsIV. SodalitiesA. Special purpose B. Grouping can be based on ascribed or achieved statusC. Secret Societies: V. MarriageA. MarriageB. Ghost MarriageC. The Social Meanings of MarriageD. Structures of MarriageE. Structures of Marriage: TypesF. Structures of Marriage: ResidencesG. Structures of Marriage: FamiliesH. Structures of Marriage: FamiliesCurrent LectureI. Why are lineages important?A. Define political and social rights and responsibilities1. Social- defines who can and cannot marry each other2. Defines boundaries of incestuous sexual relationsB. Political1. Determines territorial and material rights2. Determines responsibilities in regard to care giving and within segmentary oppositionII. How are they assigned?A. Kinship positions defined in terms of how people within a given social group relate to one anotherB. Generation– distinguishes relatives according to the generation to which they belongC. Gender– cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sexD. Affinity– connection through marriageE. Collaterality– parents vs. aunts and unclesF. Bifurcation–maternal grandmother/ grandfatherG. Relative Age– relatives of the same category can be distinguished on the basis of whether they are older or younger than EgoH. Gender of linking relative- separates cross relatives from parallel relativesIII. Adoption A. Process by which achieved status is converted into ascribed statusB. Blurs the boundaries of kinship categories.C. Example: aunt and motherD. Anthropologists often encounter when performing field work.IV. SodalitiesA. Special purpose grouping that may be organized on the basis of age, sex, economic role, or personal interestB. Grouping can be based on ascribed or achieved statusC. Secret Societies: 1. Form of social organization that initiates young men or women into social adulthood2. Secrecy based on idea that members of the society are the only ones who are privy to certain forms of knowledgeV. MarriageA. Marriage- n institution that is prototypically between a man and woman and carries implications about permitted sexual accessB. Ghost Marriage- Father cannot marry again after his wife dies and is still married to her soul and so the brother steps inC. The Social Meanings of Marriage1. Two forms of the exchange of material goods that occur during marriage and signify social responsibilities and rights.a. Bridewealth- the transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride on the occasion of their marriageb. Dowry- transfer of wealth, usually from parents to their daughter at the time of her marriageD. Structures of Marriage1. Affinal Kin: Kinship that is created through marriage • Consanguineal Kin: Descent Based Kin2. Sometimes restricted to particular social groups3. Endogamy: Practice by which marriage must contracted within a particular group4. Exogamy: Practice by which marriage must contracted outside of a particular groupE. Structures of Marriage: Types1. Monogamy- marriage between two people2. Polygamy- marriage between more than two people (ambiguous)3. Polygyny- man has multiple wives4. Polyandry- woman has multiple husbands a. Fraternal Polyandry- group of brother have the same wifeb. Associated Polyandry- multiple men not related are married to one woman5. Secondary Marriage- a woman moves around to different husbands’ housesF. Structures of Marriage: Residences1. Patrilocal- live with husband’s side2. Matrilocal- live with wife’s side3. Avunculocal– married couple lives with or near the mother’s brother.4. Ambilocal– married couple moves between wife’s and husband’s families5. Duolocal- husbands and wives continue to live with their lineages after marriage (i.e., separately from one another)G. Structures of Marriage: Families1. Conjugal family- both parents in the family2. Nonconjugal family- only one parent in the family3. Nuclear family- any typical family with two generations4. Polygynous family- many generations living together 5. Extended family- many generations within a family6. Joint family- brother’s and sister’s families living together7. Blended family- step brothers and step sisters living together (ex: Brady Bunch)H. Structures of Marriage: Families1. Families by choice:a. Idea developed by Kath Weston in her book The Families We Choose (1990)b. Based on experiences of LGBT communities when coming out to their