PSYCH 330 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Information about Major Depressive DisorderII. Information about Persistent Depressive DisorderIII. Information about Bipolar DisorderOutline of Current Lecture I. Diagnostic Criteria of Intellectual Development DisorderII. Causes of IDDIII. Types of IDD Current LectureDiagnostic Criteria of Intellectual Development Disorder (IDD)- Sub-average intellectual functioning (IQ 70 or below).- Impairment in adaptive functioning (impairment in basic behaviors, hygiene, etc.)- Symptoms evident prior to age 18.- Use Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale to diagnosis (Filled out by parent/guardian).PrevalenceMild IDD:- 85% of cases of IDD.- Often not evident until school.- Development is slower (in eating, dressing, etc.).- Adolescence speak fluently, can do simple arithmetic.- Most can hold a job; some marry.Moderate IDD:- Diagnosible in ages early as 2-3.- Developmental delays.- Adolescence can have simple conversations, read a few words.- Many live in communities/special residences.Severe IDD:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Have some self-care skills.- Can work in sheltered workspaces.- Understand language but have trouble speaking.Profound IDD:- Few self-care abilities.- Little to no speaking abilities.- Co-existent mental disorders are common (seizures, motoric issues, cerebral palsy, etc.).Causes of IDDPrenatal causes of genetic disorders (32%):- Down syndrome, tuberous sclerosisExternal prenatal causes(12%):- HIV, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, PrematurityPerinatal causes (11%):- Enecphalitis, Neonatal AsphyxiaPostnatal causes (8%):- Lead Poisoning, Deprivation, Trauma, TumorMalformation of unknown causes (8%):- Naval Tube DefectUnknown causes (25%)Chromosomal AbnormalitiesFragile-X Syndrome- Weak x-chromosome- Protine gene “turned off”- Large ears, elongated face, enlarged testicles- More common in men than womenDown Syndrome (Trisonomy 21)- Extra chromosome in pair 21- Error in cell division in mother’s ovum.- Chances increase with mother’s age.- Those with Down Syndrome have a 40% chance increase of developing Alzheimer’s Disease as they grow older.- Folds in eyes, flat nose, small mouth, protruding tongue.Prader-Willi Syndrome- Chromosome 15 mutation.- Compulsive eating, small stature.Lesch-Nyan Syndrome- X-linked disorder- Result in cognitive/behavior disturbances (results in self harm).- Damage to basal ganglia (which is responsible for fine motor functions), which results in higher chances for cerebral palsy.- Also higher chances for uric acid (kidney) problems.- Only males suffer from this condition; women can be carriers.Metabolic Disturbances (Prenatal)Phenylketonuria (PKU)- Defective recessive gene- Deficiency in liver enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalaine- Can damage CNS- Can cause severe retardation- PKU “low protein” diet (needed until at least age 8) fixes PKU- Infants are routinely tested at birth for defectTay Sachs Disease- Recessive gene disorder- Lipid enzyme lacking in brain tissue (HEX-A: Chromosome 15)- Usually detected between 4-8 months of age- Eastern European Jewish Ancestry- Progressive deterioration, immobility, convulsions- Untreatable- Death by age 5Environmental Factors- Around 15% of children born to HIVE moms develop HIV- If mother is treated for HIV with AZT, then that rate drops to 8%- Cognetial disorders are acquired during prenatal development and are not genetic- Rubella, syphilis, thyroxine deficiency, etc. are examples- The drug Thalidomide resulted in severely malformed limbs of the children who were in the womb of the mothers taking it- Alcohol consumption during pregnancy results in low birth and growth rates, low IQ, hindered motor skills and social performance- Also results in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which is characterized by narrow upper lips, short noses, and droopy eyelids- Malnutrition (low vitamin and mineral deficiencies) can lead to intellectual impairmentPostnatal EnvironmentToxins- Lead poisoning- PICA (random object eating)Physical Trauma- Abuse (can cause irreversible brain damage)- Forceps used during birth can damage brain- Hypoxia (improper anesthesia, umbilical cord rupture)Deprivation- Mild IDD due to deprived settings- Lack of intellectual stimulation can cause pseudo-retardation- Mild IDD is 3x more common in offspring of teenage mothers- Maternal drug use, poor nutrition, and lack of stimulation are causes of