PSYCH 330 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Diagnostic Criteria of Intellectual Development DisorderII. Causes of IDDIII. Types of IDD Outline of Current Lecture I. Autism Spectrum SymptomsII. Behavioral StereotypyIII. SIBISIV. Information on Autism Spectrum DisorderV. The Autistic SavantCurrent LectureIn the DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is split into three groups, Autism, Asperger’s, andPervasive Deficit Disorder.Autism Spectrum SymptomsAbnormalities in social interactions:- Nonverbal behaviors (poor posture, lack of eye contact, etc)- Sharing of activities, interests (more introverted, preferring isolation rather than social interaction)- Decreased Modulation (very strong emotions)Abnormalities in CommunicationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Delay or lack of language skills (50% never develop a useful repertoire)- Failure to initiate or sustain conversation- Stereotyped use of language (echolalia: the repeating of sounds/words)Behavioral Stereotypy- Restricted patterns of interest (certain object obsession)- Compulsive adherence to rituals (stability is very important)- Repetitive motor mannerisms (echopraxia)- Preoccupation with parts of objectsSelf-Injurious Behavioral Inhibition System (SIBIS)- Used for those with IDD, Autism, etc. who have self-damaging behaviors (such as head banging).- Hockey helmet-type device that gives mild to moderate electrical shocks when behavior is done.- It is shown to be effective, but when it’s taken off the patients tend to revert back to the damaging behaviors within about a day.Autism Spectrum Disorder- Prevalence: .5%- Recognition of condition is usually prior to three years of age.- M:F ration= 5:1- Genetic differences are a possibility for the high ration difference.- It could take more mutations for females to be affected.- This is supported by the fact that females are more severely affected when diagnosed.- The theory is that females are more genetically protected, because more genetic mutations are required to cause ASD.Etiological Factors- In the 1950-60’s it was though that “child rearing skills” or cold-rejecting parents were the cause for ASD (Leo Kanner).- This was later disproven, of course.- In ASD there are metabolic disturbances as well as congenital problems.- Chromosomal abnormalities (particularly fragile-x)Genetic Components- Heritability Index: 0.90 (an index of 1=purely genetic)The Autistic Savant- About 10% of those with ASD are Savants.- Savants are unusually gifted individuals.- There is damage to the anterior temporal lobe.- This results in unusual skills in music, art, calendar calculation, mathematics, and memorization.- This syndrome is poorly understood.Prodigious Savants:- Tom Wiggins (Blind American Pianist)- Alonzo Clemons (American Animal Sculptor)- Susan (UK’s Got Talent Performer)- Leslie Lemke (Plays piano and sings, but can barely move and cannot hold a conversation at
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