HIST 102 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture A. World War I, “The War to End All Wars”B. Propaganda CampaignsC. U.S. Neutrality—at firstD. U.S. in the WarOutline of Current LectureA. U.S. in WWI Modea. U.S. propaganda demonized Germansb. Food Administration actions to rationc. African Americans left the South for major cities and jobsd. Women work moree. The Espionage and Sedition Act (1918)f. Selective Service Act of 1918g. The German estimateB. WWI Abroada. Bolshevik Russia and Russian peace with Germanyb. Second Battle of Marne—March 21, 1918c. The Armistice, November 11, 1918C. The End of the Wara. Wilson’s 14 pointsb. Treaty of Versailles—January 1919c. The War Guilt Clause, Article 31Current LectureA. U.S. in WWI Modea. U.S. propaganda demonized Germansb. Food Administration actions to rationi. Herbert Hoover headed efforts to teach American people how to ration their food consumptionii. “Meatless Mondays” and “Wheatless Wednesdays”iii. Part of the reason Milwaukee’s brewery shut down was due to scarcity of wheativ. Encouraged people to plant a “victory garden” v. Good, productive time for farmersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. African Americans left the South for major cities and jobsd. Women work morei. Women began working in more industries and otherwise supporting the economyii. This would contribute to the later passage of the 19th Amendmente. The Espionage and Sedition Acts (1918) i. Established a fine of $10,000 and 20 years in prison for anyone guilty of aiding the enemy OR anyone protesting against the government or “depicting the U.S. or allies unfavorably”ii. Despite violating the Constitution, over 1,000 people were convicted (including Debs of the Socialist party)iii. Robert Goldstein, director of the Broadway show “Spirit of 1776” was convicted and served 10 years for his play, which portrayed the British in anegative lifef. Selective Service Act of 1918i. Only 2 million men volunteered for WWIii. 3 million of the 24 million registers were drafted under the Selected Service Actg. The German estimatei. Germans estimated the U.S. would take a year to mobilize and were correctB. WWI abroada. Bolshevik Russia and Russian peace with Germanyi. Russians were becoming increasingly upset about involvement in WWI and the widespread deaths and starvationii. They blamed their Czar Nikolas II, of the Romanov familyiii. The Romanovs were overthrown and brutally murderediv. The Bolsheviks took over, led by Vladmir Leninv. Lenin immediately begin negotiating a peace treaty with the Germansvi. March of 1918 marked the official end to Russian involvement in WWI, ending Germany’s need to fight on two frontsvii. Americans were angry about Russia’s exit, which would set a trend later followed in WWIIb. Second Battle of Marne—March 21, 1918i. Germans launched a major offensive, taking more lines of battle than what was usual for the warii. The Allies looked close to collapse but were able to pull through and defeat the Germansiii. This marked the “beginning of the end” for the Germans, as they no longer had offensive capabilityiv. By November, there was still some fighting, but the German loss was obviousc. The Armistice, November 11, 1918i. This was the official agreed-upon ceasefire between the Allies and the Central Powersii. 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th monthiii. Today, it is known as Veteran’s Dayiv. Now the question for all countries involved was how to move forwardC. The End of the Wara. Wilson’s 14 Pointsi. This was Wilson’s plan for preventing another warii. Wilson was concerned that the Allies would use their win to “go out of their way to screw over Germany” and be overly aggressive, creating a hostile Germany for the futureiii. He was right.iv. Points 1-5 dictated that there would be no more secret alliances, that the big powers would allow other countries’ self-determination in their own fates (anti-colonialism)v. Points 6-13 redrew borders, giving Russia some land, dividing Austria-Hungary; this was irresponsibly done with no regard for existing ethnic groups and hostilities, which would later cause problems and lay the foundation for Germany’s later uprising, “sowing the seeds” of WWIIvi. Point 14 established the League of Nations, a “collective security” in which all countries agreed to fight against a single initiator of war as a means to prevent future warb. Treaty of Versailles, January 1919i. Wilson naively pushed his 14 Points, not realizing the magnitude of French, British, and others’ anger towards Germanyii. The “Big Four” wanted to ensure that Germany would not be strong enough for another wariii. At the conference, Wilson only brought his Democratic compatriots, not realizing his lack of political clout at homeiv. This would anger the Republican Congress, and Wilson struggled for treaty approvalv. Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando met for the conference—the Italian Orlando left angrily from arguing withWilson and did not returnvi. Britain and France began adjusting the 14 Points for their interestsc. The War Guilt Clause, Article 31i. This forced Germany to take full responsibility for starting the war, which meant paying for itii. The $33 billion over 50 years bankrupted the German people, causing widespread hatred for the government, enabling Hitler to later come to poweriii. Wilson was unable to gain Congressional approval for the Treaty—Congress felt it infringed on its ability to declare wariv. Thus, the United States never signed it, nor joined the League of