HIST 102 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Previous Lecture I. Immigration Boom in the U.S.a. Causesb. EffectsII. Who Were the Immigrants?a. “Old” wave (pre-1880)b. “New” wave (post-1880)c. Increasing in numberd. How did they arrive?i. Ellis Islandii. Angel IslandIII.Anti-Immigration Attitudes Begina.Who?b.Why?c.The Chinese Exclusion ActOutline of Current Lecture I. The Immigrant “Threat”A. Nativism and XenophobiaB. Immigrants were exploited by the systemC. Immigrants lived in extreme povertyD. Abuses in Politics—political machines began to appearE. The Settlement House MovementII.Women’s Suffrage emergesA.Seneca Falls Convention in 1848B.Women’s Suffrage Groups join forcesC.The Suffragettes MarchCurrent LectureI. The Immigrant “Threat”A. Nativism and XenophobiaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Sentiments against certain immigrants surrounded their lawlessness and immoralityb. Anti-immigrant sentiments was really motivated by the loss of jobsB. Immigrants were exploited by the systema. “New” immigrants arrived very poor and willing to work for less money, undercutting the “native” workersb. Big business and the system exploited unskilled workersc. Immigrants took the worst jobs available, i.e., those in mines, packing houses, slaughterhouses, steel workd. Even immigrants who arrived with skills from their home were disadvantaged due to language barriersC. Immigrants lived in extreme povertya. It was impossible to support the average family with just a single wage earner—both parents and kids would workb. EX: Tiny, two-room apartments housing 8 family members, plus 6 boardersc. In 1900, the lower east side of New York City had 700 people per acre—this is more dense than the poorest sections of modern Bombay, India d. Sanitation issues in these living quarters D. Abuses in Politics--political machines began to appeara. Informal government structures without actual legal basis, often corrupt in how policies are affectedb. Run by a “Boss,” i.e. Boss Tweed in NYCc. Manipulated the system, had potential to do good, but actions were not in the interest of the peopled. Huge networks of political figures and big businesses; often circulated kickbacks from corporationse. Influenced votingE. The Settlement House Movementa. A pushback against the political machines and corruption started by Jane Addams, a member of a group of educated, middle-class women b. Addams began fundraising efforts and gathering like-minded social reformersto start Hall Housec. Hall House was the first community center located in amidst the Chicago ethnic/poor and offered services for the disadvantagedd. Hall House started the first volunteer daycares, which allowed parents to work, literacy schools, employment aid, welfare, and battered women’s shelterse. The idea spread to other cities as the middle class attempted to break the hold of Party Bosses and their political machinesf. Also worked as a way to raise up the lower and middle classes, which had society had come to lump into one whole (not totally altruistic)II. Women’s Suffrage emergesA. Seneca Falls Convention in 1848a. Women began fighting for the right to voteb. 1850s—the movement, led by Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass, shifted its focus from women’s issues to the abolition of slavery in hopes that there would be a seamless transition from blacks’ rights to women’s rightsc. It didn’t happen—after the Civil War and abolition of slavery, Douglass was not willing to work for womend. The Settlement House Movement became an opening to discuss women’s rightsB. Women’s Suffrage Groups join forcesa. 1869—National Women’s Suffrage Movement, led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton was most interested in the establishment of an EqualRights Amendment, which would address not only voting rights, but also equal pay, property, etc.b. Meanwhile, the American Women’s Suffrage Association was a more modern and mainstream movement focused on the right to votec. The two movements, working separately, were unable to get any tractiond. 1890—the two join forces to become the National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which focuses on voting e. NAWSA’s first president was Stanton, the second was Anthony—this implies that eventually, the group is interested in an equal rights amendmentC. The suffragettes marcha. Marches in New York, Boston, Philadelphiab. States in the West are actually first to start granting women the right to vote, starting with Wyoming and following by Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and Californiac. Much of this was likely because in the movement to develop the Western frontier, men had grown more accustomed to women sharing labord. 1917—New York finally becomes the first state east of the Mississippi River to grant equal suffrage to womene. 1920—the 19th Amendment to the Constitution passes, with support by Woodrow Wilson, largely as a “reward” for women’s work during