Hist 102 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture A. A Return to “Normalcy”B. Labor after the warC. Red Summer of 1919D. American LegionE. KKK RevivedF. The Palmer RaidsG. Harding’s Era of CorruptionOutline of Current Lecture A. The 1920s and EconomyB. The 1920s and PoliticsC. The 1920s and CultureD. The 1920s and ProhibitionE. The Scopes Trial 1925Current LectureA. The 1920s and Economya. Prosperous period for the U.S.i. From 1922-1929 the GDP rose from 149 to 227 billionii. Employment was good, wages rising 15%iii. Spending behavior was high—i.e., automobiles (model T)went from 8 million in 1920 to 27 million by 1929iv. Buying on credit introduced, turning big purchases like loans on house into smaller onesb. Precursors to the Great Depressioni. People were unprepared when wages stopped rising, they lost their jobs, or did not get a bonusii. Mounting credit/debt contributed to Great Depression iii. Farmers were very prosperous following WWI, with supply, demand, and prices highiv. To meet demand, they invested in farm equipment to produce morev. Producing more meant prices went down, and farmers went into debt as wellB. The 1920s and Politicsa. Women’s right to vote in 1920 was a kind of reward for WWIThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Younger women began turning to lives as “flappers”c. Women’s political activism faltered during this time, possibly because of confidence gained from suffrage—less activism for equal pay and other rightsd. Voter participation not greatly affected by women’s suffragee. Equal Rights Amendment never passed (still today)C. The 1920s and Culture a. Dating changed with the invention of cars and new places for social gatheringsb. Americans found a new love for celebrities and experienced a cultural explosioni. Charlie Chaplinii. Yankee Stadiumiii. Gertrude Elterly swam the English Channeliv. Boxing popularv. Lindbergh crossed the Atlanticvi. Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby, Hemingway, Faulknerc. The Harlem Renaissancei. Harlem was the center of black culture, with many artists, intellectuals, lawyers, etc.ii. Blacks still faced disadvantages during this timeiii. The NAACP headquarters in Harlem1. Editor of NAACP’s Crisis magazine W.E.B. Dubois 2. Other prominent black figures—Zora Neale Hurston, Martin Luther King, Malcolm Xiv. Marcus Garvey and the UNIA1. 1914—Garvey started the largest movement of African Americans in history2. More membership in the UNIA than any other black movement3. Stressed the need for black to unite for their own advancement4. Arose after Garvey found that the NAACP was run by whites5. Emphasized the need for black to be proud of their racial identity in the context of cultural messages such as bleach for black women to change their skin color6. Pursued a return to roots to organize the Black Star Line to transport/return blacks to Africa7. Many blacks did not speak or have any connection to the culture of Africa8. Without money to finance, Garvey’s movement ran into legal trouble with the early FBI and Hoover as an “agitator”9. After gathering information, they deported him in 1927 for mail fraud10. Garvey never returned, but his legacy continued through his wife and ideas, including a socially active reverend in Nebraska whose son would grow up to be Malcolm XD. The 1920s and Prohibitiona. 1919: the 18th Amendment gave power to pass a law banning alcoholb. This was done in the Volstead Act, which prohibited the sale, production, and transport of alcohol (but not the consumption)c. The law was strangely written, with no way to truly enforce itd. Viewed as necessary in eastern U.S. cities with unfavorable perceptions of immigrants, business, and crime, versus less needed in the “better” behaved rural arease. Common idea that this law would fix problems of the cities, but making it illegal created crimef. Bootlegging became common (the source of the Kennedy family’s money)g. Easy transport between the Great Lakes and Canadian borderE. The Scopes Trial 1925a. The Tennessee Butler Act made it illegal to teach anything other than “Creation” from the Bible—no Darwinian theory or evolutionb. Substitute teacher John Scopes taught his biology class about evolution and was intentionally arrestedc. The ACLU hired Clarence Darrow, a famous skilled lawyerd. Led by W.J. Bryan as the state of Tennessee’s prosecution—he claimed to be an expert of the Biblee. Media circus as the “Monkey Trial” and became less about whether Scopes brokethe law and more about dynamics of science vs. religion, urbans vs. rural, old vs. new ideasf. Bryan declared religion unquestionableg. Darrow called Bryan to the stand and proceeded to interrogate him for hoursh. Bryan eventually admitted the Bible was subject to interpretation and was shaken—he had a stroke and died a few days lateri. Scopes was found guilty and served