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UMKC HISTORY 102 - Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

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History 102 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture A. Progressive Reform in the U.S.B. Progressivism in governmentC. Business ReformD. Temperance MovementE. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealOutline of Current LectureA. Teddy Roosevelt and the EnvironmentB. The Election of 1908C. Taft’s termD. The Election of 1912E. Wilson and ProgressivismCurrent LectureA. Teddy Roosevelt and the Environmenta. T.R. did more for the environment than any president before or since (Nixon was second)b. Congress was inactive about the Grand Canyon, so T.R. used his executive order to make it a national monument as there was nothing stating the limits or extent of this form of action in the Constitutionc. T.R. created five national parks and a multitude of monuments and reservesd. He established the National Park Servicee. He persevered more than 250 million acres of landf. This was part of why he was so popular among the American people and had an easy win for re-election in 1904B. The Election of 1908a. Republican nomination was William H. Taft, handpicked by Teddy Rooseveltb. Taft won against W.S. Bryant (Democrat) and Eugene Debs (Socialist)C. Taft’s terma. Taft was well known for being fat.b. He was expected to continue Teddy Roosevelt’s policies, but was different in terms of both personality and way of governing in his presidencyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. He was actually more effective than Roosevelt in actions against trusts with 90 in 4 years versus T.R.’s 44 in 7.5 yearsd. He allowed a high tariff to raise income taxese. His actions lost him Roosevelt’s supportD. The Election of 1912a. Teddy Roosevelt decided to run again but lost the Republican nomination to Taft, so he formed his own new party, the Progressive Party (also called Bull Moose after he was shot and still gave a speech, feeling as strong as a “bull moose”)b. All three candidates—Woodrow Wilson (Democrat), Teddy Roosevelt (Bull Moose), and Taft (Republican)—were campaigning on platforms of progressivismc. Roosevelt campaigned for New Nationalism, which believed that government should regulate trusts and only break them up if they are not cooperative, still allowing some to existd. Wilson campaigned for New Freedom, which believed all trusts were bad and should be broken upe. Wilson won because of the split of the Republican party between Taft and RooseveltE. Wilson and Progressivisma. Born in Virginia, Wilson was raised in South Carolina and was the first southern-born president in 50 yearsb. Wilson had unusually little political experience, serving only as governor of New Jersey from 1910 to 1912 before being elected presidentc. Wilson was the only president to have a PhD (political science)d. Wilson was a bit of a racist, a big fan of the KKK film ‘The Birth of a Nation’, also segregating office bathroomse. Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913: this reduced the tariff by ½ to 20%, making imports cheaper and better for consumersf. Federal Reserve Act (1913): this was perhaps Wilson’s best accomplishment, making up for the loss of money from the Underwood-Simmons Tariff with a federal income tax, which created an overhaul of the financial system, including more bank regulation and a more stable currencyg. Federal Trade Commission (1914): regulated big business and was a significant backpedal from Wilson’s original campaignh. Keating-Owen Act (1916): outlawed child labori. Adamson Act (1916): established the 8-hour work dayj. Wilson would continue his next campaign on the avoidance of


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