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UMKC HISTORY 102 - Agricultural Decline, Activism, and America as an Empire

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HIST 102 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture A. The Immigrant “Threat”A. Nativism and XenophobiaB. Immigrants were exploited by the systemC. Immigrants lived in extreme povertyD. Abuses in Politics—political machines began to appearE. The Settlement House MovementB.Women’s Suffrage emergesA.Seneca Falls Convention in 1848B.Women’s Suffrage Groups join forcesC.The Suffragettes MarchOutline of Current Lecture Agricultural Decline, Activism, and America as an EmpireA. Agriculture in the MidwestB. The Populist PartyC. The Election of 1896D. America the EmpireCurrent LectureAgricultural Decline, Activism, and America as an EmpireA. Agriculture in the Midwesta. Technology and irrigation developments attracted many people to lives as farmersb. New states accepted 1889-1890 were farming states: North and South Dakota, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Utahc. As big business became more protected by government, farmers were at the mercy of the international market and natured. Despite so many farmers, there was no collective to protect them from failing, and many returned home to the same abandoned towns (i.e., “In God we trusted, in Kansas we busted.”)e. Oil discovered in Oklahoma led to a land rush in which people lined up to stake claimon a piece of land—“sooners” became the term for people who cheated and got an early startB. The Populist PartyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Early 1890s attempt to organize farmers (white agriculture workers)b. Also known as the People’s Party, it did well in organizing based on economicsc. Attempts to organize in the South were less successful due to tensions that hindered cooperation between blacks and whitesd. In the South, poor people organizing also threatened the existing power structure and was seen as a huge threat to the rich minoritye. The South began passing segregation laws to stamp down the Populist Party movementf. The Populists eventually became a third political party, the first with an actual platform of the following:i. Nationalize railroads, telephone, telegraphii. Impose a graduated income task in which making more money means paying more backiii. Subtreasury plan in which the government buys extra product such as crops and stores the surplus to stabilize the market in times of scarcityiv. Direct election of senators (a government that appeals to the people)v. Free and unlimited coinage of silver (gold was the current standard), which would mean more money C. The Election of 1896a. 1892 didn’t see a successful Populist president, but more representatives were present in Congress, signifying the party’s growing powerb. By 1896, the Populists were strongerc. Republican candidate William McKinley was pro laissez-faire and pro-gold; he favored government policies serving business over the people (similar to the “trickle down” philosophy of Regan and today)d. Populist and Democrats chose a candidate together: William Jennings Bryan from Nebraska, who advocated for average people and became famous for his “Cross of Gold” speech, delivering it over 600 times in 27 states.e. Many factories gave to workers memos warning that if Bryan won, there would be no more jobsf. This scare tactic worked, and McKinley won the close raceg. Although the Populist Party failed the election, the ideas lingered—we still talk aboutthese issues of worker rights and government policy todayD. America the Empirea. McKinley was a huge proponent of America expanding its empireb. 1890 – professor at the Naval Academy Alfred Thaher Mahan published The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783 in which he concluded that all major world empires’ power came from control of the seac. Mahan began the conversation that the U.S. needed ports/bases for their navy established worldwide and quick access between the Atlantic and the Pacificd. The Panama Canal was duge. The U.S. navy rose from 15th in the world to 5th, and by 1900, was the third most powerful; in the post WWI era, it was the most powerful naval force in the worldf. There were a few beliefs used to justify U.S. expansion:i. As the 1845 “Old” Manifest Destiny stated, God ordained the U.S. as destinedto control everything between the Atlantic and the Pacificii. An 1890 census concluded that the huge amount of Western migration had “closed” the frontier—there was no more exploring to do. A historian namedFrederich Jackson Turner gave a speech to the American Historical Association in 1893 called “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” in which he said that closing the frontier would fundamentally change America and result in a loss of opportunity and change. Thus, the American people needed to look for more.iii. The “New” Manifest Destiny belief was that the U.S. now needed to spread beyond its geographic


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