UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Greece Outline of Current Lecture II Athens Current Lecture The City State Polis of Athens Agora Acropolis Demos democracy Ekklesia assembly Boule council Archons Aropagos Theater of Dionysus Parthenon Pericles Funeral Speech Area controlled by Athens organized by deme 193 of them 508 332 BC Athens was a direct democracy earliest known in history also longest uninterrupted democracy besides USA Athens population was as much as 250 000 mostly in the city but about 150 000 were citizens o About 50 000 males had the right to vote women could not vote Mayor type person in each deme kept record of the citizens To be a citizen and have the right to vote was based on establishment in the deme as well as military service Downtown Athens walls surrounding it and it contained Civic Center called Agora in town square similar to forum in Rome and a religious center Acropolis Agora large open square with many buildings framed by stoas on two sides o Stoa similar to a modern day mall important in the warmer months for relief from the heat social centers o Painted Stoa large wooden paintings hung large columns Where Socrates met his students These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Royal Stoa where officers of Athenian democracy took their oath of office Location of the constitution of Athenian democracy tells us that democracy is based on literacy o Heulaia jurors met here Acropolis means upper city o On a hill separated from the ground below by a gate going from a secular area to a sacred one o Assembly met near here speaker s podium anyone may speak vote by raise of hands people like St Paul and Pericles spoke here o Now gets 6 000 000 visits a year Democracy was based on the assembly the gathering of all voting men o Assembly met once a month voted on laws Assembly elected generals o By lot 500 people were elected as the council Boule Each deme gave a name and 500 were chosen o Boule supervised funding for military financial administration When people thought someone was too powerful they could hold a vote to have the person ostracized if enough people voted the person would be exiled Parthenon built after Trojan war o Became major temple of Athena patron god of Athens o Sculptures of battles and contests in the pediment metopes o Sculptures around the perimeter of the building show a procession of a festival shows the citizens of Athens military cavalry etc represents them as heroes Theater of Dionysus Greek plays were performed free of charge to citizens o Plays dealt with political and religious social issues ex Prometheus Sophocles Erechtheum religious building housed various cults o Famous veranda used statues of women instead of columns influenced Albright Knox museum o Copper block missing from ceiling missing section of the porch original never put in underneath there were three holes believed to be where Poseidon s trident struck the earth