HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Nitrogen Balance continued II Protein Quality Outline of Current Lecture I Protein Quality continued II Protein Recommendations III Creatine IV Protein Calorie Malnutrition Current Lecture I Protein Quality continued A Quantification 1 Net Protein Utilization NPU a NPU Nitrogen Retained Nitrogen Intake Nitrogen Intake Nitrogen Output Nitrogen Intake Nitrogen Intake Nitrogen in Urine Nitrogen in Feces Nitrogen Intake b NPU NRETAINED NIN NIN NOUT NIN NIN NU NF NIN 2 Categorization of Foods with Different NPUs Foods NPU scaled to 100 Eggs 94 Meats 80 s Milk 80 s Beans 60 s Grains 50 s a Eggs are the highest quality protein and sometimes referred to as a reference protein b Complete proteins must have and NPU greater than 70 so beans and grains are incomplete These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III Protein Recommendations A Recommended Dietary Allowance RDA 1 0 8 grams of protein per 1 kilogram of body weight a 1 pound 2 2 1 kilogram 2 Reference female individual 55 kg body weight a 55 kg x 0 8 g 44 g of protein b Reference caloric intake 2000 calories 3 General Recommendations a Carbohydrate percentage of calories 55 b Fat percentage of calories 30 c Protein percentage of calories 15 d All of these percentages add up to 100 e 2000 calories x 0 15 percent 300 calories 4 75 grams of protein intake daily 4 Not an issue to maintain adequate protein intake B More protein required for those involved in weight training 1 Reference male individual 70 kg body weight 2 1 2 1 5 grams of protein per 1 kilogram of body weight recommended to gain muscle mass a 70 kg x 1 2 g 84 g of protein minimum b Reference caloric intake 2400 calories to maintain weight c 1 pound of muscle contains 3000 calories seven days 400 calories day extra provided to the body to build muscle d Additional 300 calories required for weight training burn e 2400 400 300 3100 calories needed to gain muscle 3 Usually appetite is the limiting factor that prevent weight gain 4 Tuna fish and egg whites 90 of calories come from protein a Heightened production of urea in the liver in attempt to rid body of excess nitrogen b Kidneys must filter all of the extra urea from the blood c This diet overworks those two organs causing them to fail after long term abuse Creatine A Composed of three amino acids bound together B Consuming a lot can increase amount of creatine in muscle increasing muscular energy for short time periods C Does not change maximum amount of muscle it only shortens the time period taken to achieve muscle weight gain D Consuming large amounts must be cleared by kidneys E When creatine increases in body cells it draws water into cells changing fluid balance and causing dehydration F Supplement Regulations in the NCAA IV 1 Permissible substances athletes can consume them and universities can provide them such as vitamins minerals electrolytes carbohydrate drinks 2 Banned substances neither athletes nor universities can use or provide them including growth hormones anabolic steroids 3 Non Permissible substances athletes can consume them but universities cannot provide them like creatine and protein more than 30 protein in a substance is considered too much protein not including food Protein Calorie Malnutrition Starvation A Marasmus 1 Severe muscle wasting 2 Breaking down body proteins to maintain the body s amino acid pool B Kwashiorkor meaning child displaced from breast 1 African origins 2 Weaned babies develop malnutrition 3 Muscle wasting 4 Edema fluid accumulation in tissues 5 Osmosis movement of water a When a semipermeable membrane like a cell wall is present small molecules like water can cross the membrane b Protein molecules are too large to cross the membrane c Seek equal concentrations across membranes in nature d If more protein is present on one side of the membrane than the other water will move toward additional protein to equalize concentrations a 2 times the protein requires 2 times the water e Protein deficiency allows maintenance of enzymes within the cells but not the transport proteins in the blood a As the protein in the blood decreases the water moves into the cells and tissues which contain more protein