HOA 106 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture II Previously III Part 1 a World of Hurt a Hoover b Bonus Army IV Part 2 Election of 1932 a Franklin Roosevelt V Part 3 a New Deal for American a The new deal 3 R s b Emergency banking act c Federal depository insurance d CCC CWA and PWA Outline of Current Lecture VI America Depressed VII Elusive Recovery VIII Part 1 Family Life IX Part 2 Farmer s Depression X Part 3 Hunger Politics Current Lecture Life in the Great Depression America Depressed o Prolonged and massive economic collapse o Widespread popular support for reform o Political shifts in 1932 and 1933 o Establishment of the First New Deal 1933 1934 Experimental and transformative Elusive Recovery These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Despite the programs of the First New Deal hardship remains widespread o Relief helps some people but recovery is slow and uneven o Unemployment never drops below 14 and averages 17 through the 1930s o Turmoil and discontent continue spread Part 1 Family Life o Depression Hits Home Marriage rates and divorce rates fall by nearly 25 in 3 years because it s too expensive Couples have fewer children Anxieties over shifting gender relationships and power dynamics in households Success Ethic you were in control of your economic fate everything relied on you Many of the unemployed were embarrassed and did not go out in public Males felt like they failed to provide for their family o Women and Work At first working women lose their jobs at a faster rate than men Married women are among first fired Gender segregated employment actually offers some protections The economic sectors that are creating jobs are often more likely to be filled by women Women s employment levels increase 20 during the decade o Rise of the Teens Americans under 20 years old are hard hit by unemployment High school enrollment rises dramatically college attendance grows by 50 Foster a new adolescent identity the teenager Part 2 Farmer s Depression o Long Suffering Much of rural America endures old poverty long standing deprivation Depression sends more families to farms But poverty is widespread Income is 165 a year Farm incomes plummet o The dust bowl Farmers in Texas Oklahoma and Kansas had exhausted the soil by the 1930s Prolonged drought sets in and creates massive dust storms Mass migration out of the areas exodusters and okies Widespread unrest o Farming Reforms New Deal reform programs begin to alleviate some of the hardship But recovery is titled towards large land owners Tenant farmers and share croppers are left out and often evicted Part 3 Hunger Politics o To the extremes Widespread hardship drives a turn to more extreme politics Polarization along racial and class lines Manifests in two major forms Exclusion Radicalism o Hate A growth in white supremacist violence Uptick in the number of lynchings Growth of white nationalists groups The black legion in the Midwest The order of blackshirts in Georgia Campaigns to ensure no jobs for negroes until every white man has a job o Last hired First fired AA unemployment rate is typically doubled that of white Americans Rampant discrimination in the workforce AA are driven out of traditional areas of employment o New Deal or Raw deal Many of the New Deal programs are racially discriminatory Housing programs mandate segregation Relief differentials Even non discriminatory programs are run by local officials in an exclusionary way Dramatic resistance to efforts to improve black Americans quality of life through federal programs o Repatriados Significant increases in Mexican immigration from 1910 1930 American cities organize campaigns to remove people of Mexican descent Avg 80 000 repatriations every year from 1929 1937 Include more than 200 000 American citizens Those who remain face persistent exclusion and discrimination o Radicalism But other Americans embrace a different type of protest Experiment with radical political solutions especially Communism Grows with the expansion of the larger Left s political power and legitimacy o Red Tide Rising Communism had been disorganized fringe presence prior to the 1930s Communist Party grows significantly during the Depression Rejection of capitalism wide array of activities Still a marginal presence but increasingly visible o A Popular Front In 1935 the Soviet Union orders the Communist Party to soften its stance and politics Members are encouraged to join other organizations to recruit Begin to praise the New Deal and the Roosevelt Administration Draws in many writers artists and social critics What does it all mean o Ongoing economic turmoil creates significant social disruption o Economic hardship persists despite the New Deal reforms o Growing sentiment that the gov t should be doing much more or much less o A new wave of reform is coming the New Deal s critics are getting louder