BSC 181 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Hair/NailsII. GlandsIII. Forms of ProtectionIV. Skin CancersV. Types of BurnsOutline of Current Lecture VI. Classification of BonesVII. Types of Bone MarkingsVIII. Compact and Spongy Bone and Long BoneIX. Parts of the BoneCurrent LectureClassification of bones: They are divided into two groups: axial (the bones in association with the trunk of the body) andappendicular (which are the bones associated with the attachments of the trunk)They are also classified by shape:Long bones: these are longer than they are wideShort bones: these are cubed shapedFlat bones: these are thin and they can be slightly curvedIrregular bones: these are oddly shaped bones, an example is the vertebraeTypes of bone markingsTuberosity: rounded projection Crest: narrow, prominent ridge of bone Trochanter: large, blunt, irregular surface Line: narrow ridge of boneThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Tubercle: small rounded projection Epicondyle: raised area above a condyle (a rounded joint surface) Spine: sharp, slender projection Process: any bony prominence Head: bony expansion carried on a narrow neck Facet: smooth, nearly flat articular surface, makes movement easier Condyle: rounded articular projection Ramus: armlike bar of boneMeatus: canal-like passageway Fossa: shallow, basin-like depression (like a shallow bowl) Sinus: cavity within a bone, intended to lighten the weight of the bone Groove (“AKA sulcus”): furrowFissure: narrow, slit-like opening (narrow and deep) Foramen: round or oval opening through a bone (wide and shallow)Compact and Spongy Bone and Long BoneCompact Bone: have osteons, these have hollow tubes of bone matrix called lamellaeSpongy Bone: does not have osteons, contain irregular shaped lamellae, it is not softer than compact bone, it is only called spongy bone because of the way it looksLong Bone: it is longer than it is wide, and example of a long bone is the femurParts of the BoneLamella: these are hollow tubes of bone matrix, this withstands stress and twisting, made with collagen fibersHaversianCanal: (central canal), also known as osteons, the haverisan system is a structural unit of compact bone, it is an elongated cylinder that runs the length of the bone.Canaliculi: these connect the microscopic anatomy in the spongy boneLacuna: house osteocytes which are the mature cells in the lacuna, osteocytes break down