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ISU BSC 181 - Classification of Joints and Types of Joints

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BSC 181 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I. Intervertebral DiscII. Male vs Female PelvisesIII. Ankle BonesIV. Other BonesOutline of Current Lecture V. Classification of JointsVI.Fibrous JointsVII. Cartilaginous JointsVIII.Synovial JointsIX. Other Functions/Structures with Synovial JointsCurrent LectureClassification of Joints: Joints are also called articulations. Joints/articulations are the site wheretwo bones meet. Joints exist in order to give our skeleton mobility and to hold it together. Thereare two classifications that we put on joints. Functional and Structural. Functional: The way that a joint is classified is based on the amount of movement the joint allows. It has three types of classifications. Synarthroses: these are completely immovable jointsAmphiarthrose: these are slightly moveable joinsDiarthroses: these are greely moveable jointsStructural: the ways that these are classified is based on the material binding the bones together, and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. This also has three types of classifications.Fibrous Joints: this means that it is fibrous fibers that holds joints togetherCartilaginous Joints: this means that it is cartilaginous fibers that holds the joints togetherSynovial Joints: this means that the joint relies fluid movementThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Fibrous Joints: here bones are joined by dense fibrous connective tissue, there is not a joint cavity, and it is the most immovable joint. There are three types of fibrous joints.Sutures: these are rigid and interlocking joints that are not designed for movement, these are immovable joints for the protection of brain. It contains connective tissue and it growsduring youth. Synostoses is when sutures ossify and fuse during middle age years.Syndesmoses: these are bones that are connected by ligaments. These are also not designed for movement. This is seen in the distal tibiofibular joint, and interosseous membrane connecting the radius and the ulna.Gomphoses: this is seen in the peg-in-socket of teeth in alveolar socketsCartilaginous Joints: these bones are held together by cartilage. There is no joint cavity, and it isnot very movable. There are two types of this joint.Synchondroses: (chondro: means cartilage) This is when the bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites with the bones. Symphyses: this is when fibrocartilage unites with the bone (hyaline cartilage is still present), it is strong and flexible, and is seen in the intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis. Synovial Joints: this is when the bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity. This is when we finally see some ability of movement. There are six distinguishing features to a synovial joint.Articular Cartilage: (hyaline cartilage) prevents the crushing of the bone endsJoint (synovial) Cavity: this is a small, fluid-filled potential spaceArticular (joint) Capsule: this has two layers, an external fibrous layer made up of dense irregular connective tissue, and the inner synovial membrane which is made up of loose connective tissue. The latter makes the synovial fluid.Synovial Fluid: is slippery. It is slippery because we do not want friction caused because friction causes heat and we don’t want heat in our joints. It also lubricates and nourishes the cartilage. It contains phagocytic cells (these clean up) to remove the microbes and debris.Different Types of Reinforcing ligaments: The Capsular is a thickened part of the fibrous layer. The Extracapsular is outside of the capsule, and the Intracapsular is deep to the capsule and is covered by synovial membrane. Nerves and Blood Vessels: the nerve fibers detect pain and monitor our joint position. Capillaries beds supply filtrate from synovial fluid.There are some other features and structures associated with synovial joints: Articular discs (menisci): are fibrocartilage that separates articular surfaces in order to better the fit of the bone ends, stabilize the joints, and reduce the wear and tear. Bursae: are designed to reduce friction in ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones may rub together. These are sacs lined with the synovial membrane and it contains synovial fluid. Tendon Sheaths: These are elongated bursa that are wrapped completely around a tendon that has to endure


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ISU BSC 181 - Classification of Joints and Types of Joints

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