BSC 181 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Organic Compounds,II. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids,III. Different Types of Saccharides,IV. Proteins Outline of Current Lecture V. Different Types of AcidsVI. Membrane Proteins/Plasma MembraneVII. Functions of Cell MembraneVIII.Membrane JunctionsCurrent LectureDifferent Types of Acids: There are many different types of acids and each have their own purposes in the body. There are Nucleic Acids which has its own sub units of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA). These are the largest molecules that we have in our body. They contain phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): (DNA) and (RNA) are made up of nitrogen bases, a pentosesugar, and a phosphate group. The nitrogen bases that make up (DNA) are called Adenine (A), Guanine (G), which are called purines. There are also Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T), which are called Pyrimidines. (DNA) is a double helix stranded molecule and is found in the nucleus Ribonucleic acid: also had four bases, they include Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U). There is no Thymine when you are talking about (RNA)ATP: (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the chemical energy that we get from glucose. ATP is the energy that directly powers the cells. A little more on Cells: There are all different kinds of cells that complete the different functions the body needs. Depending on the different organelles (the organs of the cell) determines the function that the cell does in the body. There are over 200 different types of cells in the human body. While each cell has the exact same DNA in the nucleus, because of the different sets of These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.organelles, they complete different works. They do however have many similar functions. There are three basic parts that complete the human cell. Plasma Membrane: this is the cells barrier, and it acts like our skin. It is not just a wall, it lets certain things in and keeps certain things out.Cytoplasm: (cyto: means cell, plasm: means fluid) this is the fluid that holds all the organelles. Nucleus: this is the control center, it’s like the brain of the cell. This is where the DNA is located.Functions of the Membrane: The functions of the membrane is to transport proteins, and enzymes. There are also receptors on the outer edge of the cell that act as landing pads for molecules that want to get in to the cell. There are proteins that are all along the membrane, these are called integral proteins. There are also Peripheral proteins that are loosely attached tothe integral proteins. These peripheral proteins provide support on the intracellular surface. There are three major functions of the membrane. Enzymatic Activity: this simply means putting things together and taking them apartIntercellular Joining: this holds the cells in the positions that they need to be in depending on what is needed to be doneCell-Cell Recognition: this is like a nametag, it allows cells to be able to recognize each other so they know what cells belong in our body and what doesn’t. Membrane Junctions: There are three types of membrane junctions. The membrane is selectively permeable and so it only allows certain things in and it can be more difficult for somemolecules to get through. Oxygen and carbon dioxide (gasses) are easier for the barrier to let though. Charged ions however are not as easily let through. Tight Junction: The goal is to tightly adhere one cell to the next, it can also prevent materials from crossing from one cell to the nextDesmosome: These help anchor cells together, like stapling paper together. You can haveone staple (desmosome), or multiple staples (multiple desmosomes). They are like “rivets.” Gap Junction: These are like doorways that connects a cell to a cell to a cell. It provides much faster communication, and it is found in smooth muscle and other areas. This only allows for small molecules to pass through the