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ISU BSC 181 - Body Planes and Body Cavities

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BSC 181 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. A Quick Overview of what Anatomy and Physiology isA. Organizing each Level of Structure in the Human BodyII. What is Necessary to Maintain LifeA. Definition/Overview of HomeostasisIII. Anatomical Position and Directional TermsOutline of Current Lecture II. Body PlanesIII. Body CavitiesCurrent LectureBody Planes: in anatomical studies, the body is cut and sectioned off, these are called Body Planes. The three most common of the body planes is the sagittal plane, frontal plane, and transverse plane. *I would suggest looking at the visuals available in the book Sagittal Plane: divides the body vertically into left and right sections. If the “cut” is directly downthe middle and the body is equally divided it is called midsagittal. If it is not directly down the middle of the body, if the “cut” is more to the left or right, it is called parasagittal.Frontal Plane: divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior), vertically. Transverse Plane: divides the body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts Body Cavities: these are closed to the environment, and you can think of them as hollowed out homes for your organs. There are two sets of Body Cavities. Dorsal: the back (posterior) and the Ventral: front (anterior). They both provide different degrees of protection to organs they are housing. The Dorsal Body and Ventral Body Cavities are only the tip of the iceberg however. Both the dorsal and ventral cavities have subdivisions of cavities.Dorsal Body Cavity: Protects the nervous systems organs, and is comprised of two subdivisions. The Cranial Cavity and the Vertebral/Spinal Cavity.The Cranial Cavity: is in the skull and it protects the brainThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The Vertebral/Spinal Cavity: which is located in the vertebral column, keeps the spinal cord safe. Because the spinal cord and the brain are very closely linked, the cranial and spinal cavities are continuous with one another. The Ventral Body Cavity: this cavity is located more anteriorly in the body and is the larger of the closed body cavities. The organs that are held in the ventral body cavity are collectively known as the Viscera, or Viscera organs. It is also made up of two subdivisions, the Thoracic Cavity, and the Abdominopelvic Cavity. The Thoracic Cavity also has its own subdivisions. The Abdominopelvic Cavity had its own subdivisions as well. *I suggest creating a tree in order to help remember where all these cavities belong. The Thoracic Cavity: is surrounded by the ribs and the muscles of the chestThe Pleural Cavities: Each one envelopes a lung, and they also envelop the medial mediastinum. The mediastinum holds the thymus gland, thoracic organs and also the Pericardial Cavity which is the other subdivision of the thoracic cavity.The Pericardial Cavity: this cavity envelops the heartThe Abdominopelvic Cavity: contains the Abdominal Cavity and the Pelvic Cavity. The abdominal and pelvic cavity is separated by the diaphragmThe Abdominal Cavity: is superior (above) to the pelvic cavity, and contains the digestive organsThe Pelvic Cavity: is the inferior (below) to the abdominal cavity, and contains theurinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum Membranes in the Ventral Body Cavity: the inner walls of the central body cavities have membranes, and the outer areas of the organs contained in them have membranes as well. However these membranes are not the same. These membranes are called Serosa.Serosa: the serosa (serous membrane) are thin, double layered membranes and there are two subdivisions of the serosa called the parietal serosa and the visceral serosa.Parietal Serosa:is the membrane that surrounds the inner walls of the central body cavitiesVisceral Serosa: this covers the organs in the cavity, and this is in contact with the organsunlike the parietal serosaOther Body Cavities: other body cavities can be classified as being exposed to the environment opposed to the closed body cavities. An example would be the oral and digestive cavities. They are classified as this because the mouth and the anus are open to the


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ISU BSC 181 - Body Planes and Body Cavities

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