BIOL 2013 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. Metabolic Pathways II. Enzymes (catalysts) III. Collision Theory IV. Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity of Current Lecture Outline of Current Lecture I. Energy II. Nutrition III. Growth Current Lecture I. Energy A. ATP is the main source of energy in the cell B. PEP has twice the energy of ATP but isn’t the main source because it would require the cell to use more energy to produce it C. catabolic reactions release energy D. anabolic reactions take in energy E. ATP is made 3 different ways through phosphorylation (adding phosphate) 1. substrate level phosphorylation: ATP is made when phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated metabolic intermediate to ADP II. Nutrition A. required 1. a carbon source 2. a nitrogen source a) nitrogen fixation: convertong molecular nitrogen to organic nirtrogen 3. inorganic moleculesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. essential vitamins (metabolites) 5. water III. Growth A. 4 stages (growth curve) 1. lag 2. log 3. stationary 4. decline B. they divide by binary fission C. requirements 1. physical a) temperature (1) psychrophiles: -5 to 20 C (2) mesophiles: 20 to 50 C (a) they can grow in our body temperature (3) thermophiles: 50 to 80 C (4) hyperthermophiles: 80 and above b) pH (1) most grow between 6.5 to 7.5 (2) acidophiles grow in acidic environments c) osmotic pressure 2.
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