GradeBuddyBIOL 2013 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last LectureI. virusesII. components of virusesIII. virus specificityIV. virus shapesV. virus replicationVI. virus life cyclesOutline of Current LectureI. review for exam 1Current Lectureinclusion bodies are used for? storage microbiology branches mycology: fungi bacteriology: bacteria virology: viruses algology: algae protozoalogy: protozoa pathogens: any microorganism that causes disease Hooke: 1st observation of cell and Leeeuwenhoek: observed living microorganisms (microscope) Edward Jenner discovered PasteurThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used asa supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Pasteur: fermentation, disproved spontaneous generation, pasteurization fermentation: conversion of sugar to alcohol pasteurization: application of high heat it started with beer Koch’s Postulate (this bacteria cell causes a disease) present in eve4ry disease must be isolated from original host put in a healthy individual then isolated again from healthy individual and it be the same quadrant streaking is the best procedure to get a pure culture exceptions: some don’t grow on artificial media and you can’t put it in healthy humans do to ethical issues 3 domainsbacteria (prokaryote) archaea (prokaryote) eukarya Carlos Linnaeus discovered naming and classifying microorganisms E. (genus) coli (species) Alexandr Flemming: antimicrobials (penicillin) prokaryotic parts plasmid: transfer of resistance from one generation to anotherflagella: motility capsule: attachment (if they have a capsule they are more resistant) ribosome: 70s protein synthesis pilus: reproduction through conjugationendosymbiotic theory: origin of eukaryotes (Lynn Margulis) different bacterial shapes cocci diplococci: 2 streptococci: chain tetrad: 4 sarcinae: cube staphylococci: clumped characteristics of bacteria shapes arrangements motility staininglast step in gram staining is safrarin gram-: low peptidoglycan and LPS (endotoxin) in cell wall and an outermsmbrane gram+: high peptidoglycan and teichoic acids oxygen requirement aerobic: oxygen anaerobic: no oxygen facultative: with or without but prefer oxygen microaerophilic: less oxygen plasma membrane fluid mosaic model selectively permeabilitydiffusion: solute from high to low concentration osmosis: water from high to low concentration osmotic pressure: pressure needed to stop water movement solutions isotonic: no net movement (best environment) 5% NaCl hypertonic: cell shrinks hypotonic: cell bursts endospores Bacillus Bacillus anthracis (anthrax or wool sorter’s disease) Clostridium Clostridium botulinum (botulism- flaccid paralysis)Clostridium tetani- anaerobic (tetanus) Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) rickettsia intracellular parasite transferred by vectors chlamydia intracellular parasite #1 sexually transmitted disease mycobacteria acid fast organism (mycolic acid) Leprosy TB mycoplasmasno cell wall smallest living waling pneumonia actinomycete streptomyces is the most popular cause it produces
View Full Document
Unlocking...