BIOL 2013 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last LectureI. VirusesII. How to Prevent Viral InfectionsIII. ViroidsIV. PrionsV. MetabolismVI. We didn’t have lecture on Monday.Outline of Current LectureI. Metabolic PathwaysII. Enzymes (catalysts)III. Collision TheoryIV. Factors Influencing Enzyme ActivityCurrent LectureI. Metabolic Pathways A. it is a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions 1. they are controlled by enzymes which are controlled by genes 2. genes control enzymes and enzymes control metabolic pathways II. Enzymes (catalysts) A. they are proteins B. they change the rate of the reaction C. all enzymes end in -aseD. they only catalyze reactions that happen on their own (spontaneous reactions)E. apoenzyme: protein portion (inactive by itself) F. cofactor: nonprotein portion (activator) 1. they activate enzymes 2. coenzyme: organic cofactor (B vitamin) G. holoenzyme: whole enzyme (active) III.Collision Theory A. chemical reactions occur as atoms, ions, or molecules collide B. activation energy: energy needed to make a reaction happen 1. enzymes lower activation energy C. reaction rate: the frequency of the collisions with enough energy to start a reaction 1. enzymes increase reaction rate D. Lock and Key Theory 1. the key must fit the lock to activate an enzyme IV. Factors Influencing Enzyme ActivityA. temperature 1. heat will destroy the protein 2. decreasing the temperature will slow it down 3. prodigiosin: red color pigment that grows in room temp (25C) B. pH 1. ions like H or OH will destroy a protein C. substrate concentration D. inhibitors 1. competitive: compete with other substrates 2.noncompetitieve: bind to other sites on the
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