BIOL 2013 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last LectureI.fermentation and pasteurizationI. Koch’s PostulatesII. Theory of GermsIII. classification of microorganismsIV. naming microorganismsOutline of Current LectureI. groups of microorganismsII. prokaryotes and eukaryotesIII. characteristics of microbial groupsCurrent LectureI. 4 groups of microorganismsA. psychrophiles (-5-20)B. -mesophiles (20-50)1. -most important because they can grow within our body temp (37C) and can make us sickC. hermophiles (50-80)D. hyperthermophiles (80 and above)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. can withstand a high salt concentration 2. ex. Staphylococcus aureus: can withstand up to 15% salta) grow in selective mediaII. prokaryotes and eukaryotesA. eukaryotes (nucleus)1. 2 typesa) plants b) animals c) Lynn Margulis: Endosymbiotic TheoryB. prokaryotes (no nucleus)1. 2 typesa) archaea b) bactria2. shapes a) cocci (1) 2 cocci: diplococcic (2) chain of cocci: streptococci (most important) (3) 4 cocci (square): tetrad (4) cubed cocci: sarcinae (5) clumped cocci: staphylococci (most importnat)b) bacillis(1) single bacillus (mot important) (2) 2 bacillus: diplobacilli (3) chain: streptobacillic (most important) (4) clumped bacillus: coccobacillusc) spiral bacteria(1) vibrio (semicircle) (2) spirillum (spiral) (3) spirochete (wavy)d) star and rectangular shaped bacteria are rareIII. characteristics of microbial groups A. shapes 1. bacillus 2. coccus 3. spiralB. arrangements 1. how many there is 2. ex. diplo, strepto C. motility 1. ability to move with flagella a) chemotaxis: moving in the direction of food or away from dangerD. staining1. Gram stain is the most important staining technique 2. 2 types a) Gram negative=red/pink b) Gram positive=blue/purpleE. oxygen requirements 1. 3 groups a) aerobic: grows at the top of the test tube (1) requires oxygen to grow b) microaerophilic: grows between the middle and top of the test tube (1) prefers less oxygen than normal(2)facultative bacteria are in this group c) anaerobic: grows at the bottom of the test tube (1) requires no oxygen to
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