BIOL 2013 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last LectureI. What is science?II. What is microbiology?III. History of microbiologyOutline of Current LectureI. fermentation and pasteurizationII. Koch’s PostulatesIII. Theory of GermsIV. classification of microorganismsV. naming microorganisms Current LectureI. fermentation and pasteurizationA. fermentation: fermentation is the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine1. psychophiles: microorganisms that can grow between -5 and 20 degrees Celsiusa) responsible for food spoilage in the refrigeratorB. pasteurization: the application of high heat for a short time1. this process started with beer2. Tuberculosis (TB) is transferred through unpasteurized milka) it is caused by mycobacteriumC. Pasteur was lucky because there were no endospores in the broth during his experiment.1. endospores: microorganisms that can withstand high temperatures and pressuresa) autoclaving: 121 C under 18 PSI for 20 minutesII. Koch’s PostulatesA. this method is used to see if a certain microorganism causes a certain disease.B. quadrant streaking technique: this is used to isolating a single microorganism (pure culture)C. exceptions1. some microorganisms won’t grow in an agar plate2. you can’t inject a healthy human with a disease and wait for them to get sickIII. The Germ Theory (1876-Robert Koch)A. vaccinations (1796- Edward Jenner)1. vaccinations produce a type of protection called immunitya) cell mediated immunity (CMI)b) humoral immunity (HI)B. antibiotics (1928- Alexander Fleming)1. boars spectrum antibiotics kill the good and bad microorganismsa) the good microorganisms preform competitive inhibition(1) competitive inhibition: they compete with and kill bad microorganisms)IV. classification of microorganismsA. bacteriaB. archaeaC. fungiD.
View Full Document
Unlocking...