Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I.parts of a prokaryotic cell II. Gram staining III. diffusion Outline of Current Lecture I. facilitated diffusion and osmosis II. solutions III. active transport and group translocation IV. endospores Current Lecture I. facilitated diffusion and osmosis A. facilitated diffusion 1. solute combines with a transporter protein in the plasma membrane to move it across into or out of the cell B. osmosis 1. the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration a) osmotic pressure: the pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane II. solutions A. isotonic solution: no net movement (the best environment for bacteria cells) B. hypertonic solution: more solute outside of the cell than inside of the cells causing water to rush out out of the cell causing shrinkage GradeBuddy BIOL 2013These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best !used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !C. hypotonic solution: there is more solute on the inside of the cell than the outside of the cell causing water to rush in and the cell to burst III. active transport and group translocation A. active transport 1. active transport: requires a transporter protein and ATP B. group transporter 1. group translocation: requires a transporter protein and PEP a) PEP: phosphoenol pyruvate IV. endospores A. the most resistant form of life B. sporulation: production of spores (important for survival of cells) C. 2 important cells that produce endospores 1. they both are soil organisms and can survive dehydration 2. Bacillus (aerobic) a) causes Anthrax (Wool Sorter’s Disease) 3. Clostridium (anaerobic) D. resistance factors 1. high temperature 2. toxic chemicals 3. desiccation (absolute) 4. radiation 5. low temperatures (absolute) a) autoclaving: 121 Celsius and 18 PSI for 20 minutes (1) this kills all forms of life even
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