CJUS 4650 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Why the NCVS is QuestionedII. Comparing UCR and NCVSIII. International CrimeIV. Comparative Risks Outline of Current Lecture V. Trends in Murder VI. Using the UCRVII. Types of HomicideVIII.Violent Crime RatesCurrent LectureChapter 4Focusing on Murder- Trend Analysis: Provides the answer by focusing on changes over time- Cumulative Risk: Estimates the lifetime likelihoods by projecting current situations into the future- Differential Risks: Indicate the odds of an unwanted event taking place for members of asocial groupUsing UCR to Analyze Murders- Data come from Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR): gives age, sex, race of victim and age, motive, weapon, and relationship of accused- Homicide: Defined as killing of one human being by another-accidents and suicides are NOT homicides- Justifiable Homicide: Use of deadly force in self defenseIntent and Capital Murder- Capital Murder: Punishment-Death penalty, requires premeditation and “aggravating circumstances,” not all states allow death penaltyo Killing a police officer, killing a correctional officer, killing someone you have abducted- First degree murder: Intentional, a rational mind, premeditationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Second Degree Murder: Intentional but not planned (includes “Heat of Passion” killing)- Manslaughter: voluntary and involuntary- Voluntary Manslaughter: Heat of Passion - Involuntary: Gross negligence, recklessness, not intent- Infanticide: The killing of a newborn- Filicide: The killing of a child by a parent or stepparent- Eldercide: The killing of an older person- Serial Killing: Killing multiple people over an extended period of time- Mass Murder: Killing several people at one time- Felony Murder: Murder in the commission of a felony. Ex: Robbing a convenience store and killing the clerk- Contract Killing: Hiring a hitmanDid the Victim Know the Killer?- Relationships in Homicides (1990-2010)o Family: 12-14%o Friend or Acquaintance: 29-38%o Strangers: 12-15%o Unknown or unsolved: 35-45%o Victims killed by complete strangers most likely charged with most serious of charges: capital homicideo Those killed during an argument or by an acquaintance-less harsh chargesTrends- Trends refer to changes that occur over long periods of time-not just one yearLiving or Dying in Aggravated Assault- What type of weapon was used- Severity of the wound- Whether or not the person has a preexisting health condition- Quality of the medical careConclusion of Violent Crime Rates- Dramatically decreased from early 90s- Interpersonal violence not out of control- Future is unsure- Victims of interpersonal violence not growing as rapidlyDifferential Risks- The chances of becoming a victim differ from group to group and according to the type of crime- EX:o Women are at higher risk of becoming a victim of rape than meno Taxi drivers are more at risk of armed robbery than someone who works at home- Profile on Statistical Portrait (2010)o Most murders: male on maleo 92% of female murders by maleso Most murders not interracial- they are intraracialo 50% victims are blacko 47% victims were white (Hispanics included)o 3% Victims were other raceso Majority killed by use of firearmso 77% of victims and 90% of offenders are maleso 62% of those who died violently were between ages 17 and 39o African Americans most likely victimso Asian Americans least likely victimso Least likely individual to be slain: 10 year