CJUS 4650 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. Battered Women and the Criminal Justice SystemII. Domestic ViolenceIII. Victim Provocation and MurderIV. Rediscovery of VictimsOutline of Current Lecture V. Rape DefinitionsVI. Victims of Sexual AssaultVII. Date RapesVIII.Victim BlamingCurrent LectureDefinitions- RAPE—Latin “rapere” taken by force.- Common Law Rape— Unlawful carnal knowledge committed by man against woman-not his wife.- Forcible Rape— Victim fears harm if they do not comply. Lack of consent is key factor.- Aggravated Rape— More than one assailant, presence of a weapon, or injuries.- Statutory Rape— Consensual with underage partner.Victims of Sexual Assault- Pro-victim and anti-rape movement of 70s exposed ongoing injustice, abuse and systematic neglect.o Women fail to report for many reasons.o CJ system mainly men and more concerned with relationship prior to the rape than the violence caused by the rape.o Advocates claim rape is about power and control—not love or passion- Consequences of Sexual Assault:o Rape Crisis Syndrome Shock, anger Nightmares, defensive reactions, loss of sexual desireo PTSDThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Some rapes are not completed, but still leave psychological scars; some victims commit suicide- Real Rapes (Ideal Rapes) vs. Date Rapeso Real Rapes defined as without question or doubt. Elements consist of: Unsuspecting female assaulted by complete stranger Victim is virtuous and very young Victim fights back, struggles and suffers injuries Victim involved in wholesome activity when occurred When escapes reports directly to police Forensic evidence foundo These cases treated with dignity and with sensitivity by the CJ system- Acquaintance Rapes— Existence of prior relationship questions seriousness of act.- Contributory Behavior— Forced intercourse preceded by series of consensual acts-less serious.- Victim Precipitation— Are some rapes involving certain circumstances less serious due to prior conduct of the victim?- Some argue that if rape preceded by series of consensual sexual overtones, her “contributory behavior” makes the rape less serious.- Advocates claim that what counts is that she was stripped of control, denied right to make decision and compelled to submit to someone else’s sexual desire.- Legal definition hinges on coercion against non-consenting person.- Victim-Blaming Viewso Victim used alcohol or drugso Put herself in temptation opportunity situationo Suggestive and seductive comments or dresso Hitchhikingo Date rape is “terrible misunderstanding” of what she said or meanto Certain lifestyles precipitate rape In 2011, a public awareness ad related to heavy drinking was pulled due to related controversy.- Two consequences from acceptance of victim-blaming:o Male less culpable and less deserving of punishment if female shares responsibility.o Girls and women must be better educated to prevent miscommunication of their desires. Misleading seductiveness might be taken as “implied
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