CJUS 4650 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Victims and Defense AttorneysII. Victims and JudgesIII. Victims and JuriesIV. Victims and Corrections OfficialsOutline of Current Lecture V. Children as VictimsVI. Missing ChildrenVII. Child AbuseVIII. Introduction to MutationsCurrent LectureChapter 8Children as Victims- Maximalist vs. Minimalist positionso Debate continues with no real statistical data- Maximalisto Overlooked problem reaching epidemic proportionso Wide problem not receiving adequate attention and action by governmento Must mobilize people to combat growing crisis- Minimalisto Skeptical of scope and seriousness Attention and expenditures not warranted- Minimalists’ and maximalists’ viewpoints are ideologies- Individuals of these categories are considered alarmists (Maximalists) and skeptics (Minimalists)Missing Children- Kidnapping need not involve force or violence to be illegal- Inveiglemento Detainment through trickery or manipulationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Kidnapping For ransom or robbery For sexual abuse Raise as their own child To kill- No real data on “kidnapping”o Not even a Part 1 Crime under UCRo NCVS does not ask about kidnappings or include crimes against children under age 12- Why individuals may take a maximalist viewo The business wants to sell products If I make you worry about auto theft, you’ll buy an alarm system and a clubo Journalism to sensationalize storieso Politicso Child research organizations wanting publicity- Explanations of missing children:o Stranger abductiono Runaway who will eventually return homeo Throwaways expelled from home by parentso Abducted by a parent after separation or divorceo Confused and lost children- 1984 National Incidence Study of Missing, Abducted, Runaway and Throwaway (NISMART) established to gather datao 90-115 Life-Threatening Kidnappings per Yearo 12,000 Short-Term Abductions by Non-Family Member per Yearo 56,500 Long-Term Abductions by Family Member per Year- NISMART 2 study of over 800,000 cases reported to police:o 45% runaways or throwawayso 43% misunderstandings and miscommunication between child and parentso 8% did not return home due to lost/injured- National Responses to Problemo “Be on the Look Out” (BOLO)o Amber Alerto Code Adam Shutting down a department store when they think a kid has been abductedo Stranger dangero Family secret wordso Stockholm Syndrome challenges- Risk Reduction strategieso High tech devices that will alarm when the kid is strayed from parento Dentist giving microchips in teetho Graphic designers using age progressiono Escape routes- House of refuse movemento Began in 1800so Prevent abused youth from growing up to be delinquent- Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was organized in 1874 in New YorkPhysically and Sexually Abused Children- Battered Child Syndromeo Cyclical pattern of excessive punishments perpetrated by parents who themselves were abused- Neglecto Abandoned or failed to provide basic requirements Physical, emotional, educational- Physical Abuseo Ranges from physical force to extended confinement- Sexual Abuseo Incest, fondling, sodomy, intercourse, rape, and exploitation (pornography and prostitution)- Emotional Abuseo Lead to behavioral or mental disordersChild Abuse- National Incidence Study (NIS) of Child Abuse and Neglecto 1/58 children experience harmful maltreatmento 58% hurt physicallyo 24% sexually molestedo 27% experiences emotional