CJUS 4650 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Drug-Facilitated Date RapeII. Incident PrevalenceIII. Accuser vs. AccusedIV. Reducing the Threat of RapeOutline of Current Lecture V. StalkingVI. School ViolenceVII. Sexual Assault on CampusVIII. HazingCurrent LectureIndividuals Menaced by Stalkers- The term “stalker” was coined in the 80s.- California established first anti-stalking legislation in 1990; by 1994, all states had criminalized stalking practices.- Two Types of Stalkingo Celebrity stalking: relatively rareo Prior relationship stalking: more common- Very few stalking charges nationally each year- Most victims are women and offenders are ex-husbands and ex-boyfriends who are jealous and possessive.Reducing the Risk of Stalking- Tell the offender to desist just once and then break off contact.- Keep a log or journal documenting acts of harassment and intimidation.- Formulate plans that will enhance safety at home, when traveling, and while at work.- Fully exercise the options for protection and prosecution within the criminal and civil justice systems.Individuals Menaced by Stalkers- Self Protective Measures:o Report crimeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Keep corroborating evidenceo Get restraining ordero Unlisted phoneo Trap incoming callso Change lockso Vary daily routineo Move if necessaryCyberstalking- Online harassment—online abuse—cyber harassment- Use of internet or electronic communications to pass along threats- Police often lack resources to investigateo Multi-jurisdictional task forces work cases- Prosecutors lack resources to prosecuteo Only 16% of prosecutor offices nationwide charged someone in 2001, but 36% had by 2005.Crimes Committed at Schools- Non-reporting continues to be a problem.- Murders most accurately countedo Youngsters slain at school=1% of total youth killingsCampus Violence- College campuses are relatively safeo Property crimes far more prevalent than violent crimeAcquaintance Rape on Campus- Symptoms of Date Rape victims:o Outrage, anxiety, depressiono Guilt, loss of self esteemo Substance abuseo Distrust of others, social isolationo Suicidal thoughtso Fear of STDs, sexual dysfunctiono Poor grades, dropping out of schoolCampus Rape Surveys- 3,000 female students—32 colleges, 1987o 17% suffered an attempted or completed acquaintance rape per yearo Less than 5% reported to policeo 5% sought assistance from rape crisis centero 50% of cases told no oneo 84% knew the victimo 57% were on a dateo Most incidents occurred off-campusPreventing Sexual Assaults on Campus- Verbal resistance and running away- Sensitizing college men and women to the issue- Administration needs to sponsor workshops about dating and intimacy for freshmen- Student government distribution of guidelines and handbooks- Rape crisis centers should encourage reporting- In 2011, the Civil Rights Office of the U.S. Department of Education issued guidelines that pressured colleges to adopt a zero-tolerance stance toward both sexual harassment and sexual assaults on campus.Hazing on Campus- Officially outlawed- Hazing traditions are tolerated by undergraduates as an integral part of campus culture- Prevalent among varsity athletics, fraternities and sororities, marching bands, and performing arts groups - Alcohol consumption, public humiliation, isolation, sleep-deprivation, and sex acts are common practices- Survey of 14,000 undergraduates at 50 collegeso 50% of clubs, teams, and organization members experienced hazing. o 9/10 students who had been through hazing did not consider themselves to havebeen abused. o 95% did not report their experiences to college officials. o 25% of coaches, advisors, and alumni were aware of the hazing that went on in the activities they
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