HS222 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 4- Cells- Catabolism, Anabolism, Metabolism- Tissues- Bone Cells- Organs- Positions, Planes, and Directions- Abdominal Regions and QuadrantsOutline of Current LectureChapter 5 (Part 1) – Digestive System- Pharynx Structures- Diseases of the Mouth and Esophagus- Alimentary Canal- Accessory Organs- Functions of Digestion- Enzymes- How Digestion WorksDeconstruct TermsDefine TermsCurrent LecturePharynxNasopharynx - Back third of palateOropharynx - Between soft palate and epiglottisLaryngopharynx – Back of the throat behind epiglottisDiseases of the Mouth and Esophagus Mouth- Plaque - Bacteria - Caries - Bacteria- Stomatitiso Sores - Herpeso Thrush - Yeast infection of the moutho Ulcers - Stress of tissues in the mouth, worsened by acidic foodso Halitosis - Extremely chronic bad breatho Leukoplakia - Smoking is common cause, large white patches in mouth and on tongueo Glossodynia - No known cause, burning sensation in the mouth and on tongueThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Oral Cancer – Can sometimes be caused by Leukoplakia, smoking and drinking, GERD, and HPV, among other causes as wellEsophagus- GERD (esophagitis) - Caused by reflux, the lower esophageal sphincter does not close completelyand there is a backflow- Hiatal Hernia - Weak muscle tissue allows the stomach to bulge into the diaphragm. Caused by consistent coughing, vomiting, or straining- Varices - Blood flow to the liver is obstructed, pressure build up in the hepatic portal vein - Esophageal Cancer - Effects esophagus and swallowing mechanisms, resulting in dysphasia and aphasia; the two main types are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma Alimentary CanalMouth-Pharynx- Esophagus- Stomach-Small Intestine- Large Intestine- Small Intestine = 18-20 ft. long Accessory OrgansTeeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas- Beyond teeth and tongue, accessory organs make enzymes to help breakdown Functions of Digestive SystemIngestion: taking in the substance through the mouth into the gastrointestinal tract- MouthPropulsion: driving or pushing forward- EsophagusDigestion: breaking down food by mechanical (chewing) and enzymatic (catabolism) action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body- StomachSecretion: a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion- Stomach, Gallbladder, and LiverAbsorption: process or action by which one thing takes in another.- Small and Large IntestinesExcretion: eliminating or expelling waste matter- Anus Digestive Enzyme GroupsAmylase (Starches)Lipase (Fats)Protease (Proteins) How Digestion WorksMouth- MasticationEsophagus- Deglutination- PropulsionStomach- Peristalsis and Secretions- Structureso Cardiac Regiono Funduso Bodyo Pyloric SphincterSmall Intestine- Absorptiono 3 segments: Duodenum, Jejunum,Ileumo 4 layers (See right image)Large Intestine- Absorption- Structureso Cecumo Ascendingo Transverseo Descendingo Sigmoid Colono RectumAnus- Excretiono Effects homeostasis due to expulsion of materials that were once in the bodyDeconstruct Terms Amylase amyl- starchDeglutition deglutit- to swallowPeristalsis -stalsis constrictDefine Terms-bari = weight-digest = to breakdown (of food into elements suitable for cells metabolism - catabolic)-lapar/o = abdomen-lymph = spring water (clear fluid collected from tissues and transported by vessels for venous transportation)-cusp = point/tip-lingu = linguistics (tongue)-mandibul = lower jar-maxil = upper jaw-saliv =