HS 222 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 5 (Part 2)- Liver- Disorders of the Liver- Gallbladder- Disorders of the Gallbladder and Biliary TractOutline of Current LectureChapter 5 (Part 2 Continued)- Pancreas- Disorders of the Pancreas- Absorption- Disorders of Absorption (Malabsorption)- Upper Digestive Tract Diagnostic Procedures- Elimination and the Large Intestine- Diseases of the Large Intestine and Anal Canal- Terms and DefinitionsCurrent LecturePancreas-Located behind the stomach at the back of the abdomen, with the head of the pancreas at the left side of the body, extending about six inches to the right-Exocrine Gland - Aids in digestion-Endocrine Gland - Maintains blood sugar levels-Pancreatic Duct - Where the head of the pancreas and the duodenum connect to allow for pancreatic juices to aid in digestion by use of amylase-Pancreatic Juices - Secretions are monitored by the nervous and endocrine systems Disorders of the Pancreas-Pancreatitis - Inflammation of the pancreas-Pancreatic Cancer - Cancer that begins in the pancreas-Diabetes - Condition due to unbalanced blood sugar levels-Cystic Fibrosis - Inherited condition that affects the cells that produce mucus, digestive enzymes, and sweat Absorption -Body absorbs proteins, water, lipids, and minerals for later use These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Disorders of Absorption (Malabsorption)-Malabsorption Syndrome -Ability to absorb proper nutrients the body needs-Malnutrition - Lack of sufficient nutrients in the body-Lactose Intolerance - Intolerance to the disaccharide found in cow milk, among other dairy products-Crohn's Disease - Chronic inflammatory disease that targets the digestive tract-Constipation - Hard, infrequent, bowel movements-Gastroenteritis - "Stomach flu" characterized by diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, etc.-Dysentery - Inflammation of the intestines with bloody diarrhea as well Upper Digestive Tract Diagnostic Procedures-Barium Swallow - X-rays are completed as the patient swallows barium sulfate mixed with water to view the gastrointestinal tract-Barium Meal - Same as the barium swallow, however, the x-rays are more directed towards the stomach and duodenum for problems such as ulcers-Enteroscopy - Procedure used to view the small intestine-Angiography - Medical imaging used to view inside of lumens, such as arteries, and blood vessels Elimination and the Large Intestine-Absorption -process or action by which one thing takes in another-Secretion - a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion-Digestion - breaking down food by mechanical (chewing) and enzymatic (catabolism) action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body-Peristalsis - Series of muscle contractions to propel materials forward-Excretion/Elimination - eliminating or expelling waste matter Diseases of the Large Intestine and Anal Canal-Appendicitis - Inflammation of the appendix-Diverticulosis - Inflammation/Infection of small pouches in the digestive tract-Ulcerative Colitis - Chronic, inflammatory digestive tract bowel disease-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pain in the stomach, with gas, diarrhea, and constipation-Polyps - Abnormal growth on the mucosal tissue/ mucous membrane-Colon Cancer - Cancer beginning in the colon/rectum of the digestive tract which may start as noncancerous polyps-Obstruction - Backup of feces in the colon and digestive tract-Intussusception - When a part of the intestine slides into another part, creating a fold of intestine inside the other-Proctitis - Inflammation of the rectal lining-Anal Fissures - A tear in the lining of the rectum-Anal Fistulas - Infected tubule that connect the rectum and skin surface-Gastrointestinal Bleeding - Hematemesis, vomiting "coffee ground" like material, hematochezia, melena, occult blood Terms and Definitions-Thrombin - An enzyme that is required in blood clotting-Cholestasis - Stopping the flow of bile-ALT - Signals liver damage-Choledocholithiasis - Presence of gallstones in the common bile duct-Cholecystokinin - Hormone that moves the bile from the gallbladder-Extracorporeal - Outside the body-Hepatocellular - Pertaining to liver cells-Mono - one-Di - two-Tri - Three-Poly - Many-Colon - Last part of the digestive system-Colic - When pertaining to the colon, a severely painful spasm in the digestive tract-Colitis - Inflammation of the colon, often autoimmune-Flatus - Gas produced in/from the stomach or intestines-Flatulence - State of having excessive gas in the stomach or intestines-Flatulent - Marked by a culmination of excess gas in the alimentary