HS 222 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture IntroductionSyllabusConnectChapters 1-3Outline of Current LectureCellsThe –Bolisms (Catabolism, Anabolism, and Metabolism)Bone CellsOrgansPositions, Planes, and DirectionsBody CavitiesAbdominal Regions and QuadrantsCurrent LectureCell Structure and FunctionBasic Functions of Life- Manufacture- Production- Communication- Replication- ReproductionOrganelles- Nucleus - Command center- Ribosomes - Protein- Lysosomes - Eat/Lyse- Mitochondria - Energy/ Power- Rough ER - Produce Protein- Smooth ER - Lipids/ Filter drugs and other toxinsThe -BolismsCatabolism - Destructive (breakdown and release energy) – How we break down our foodAnabolism - Constructive (build up) – How we build up muscle when eating things like proteinsMetabolism – Both working together – The process of the aboveTissuesTypes- CT - Blood, ligament, cartilageThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Epithelial - Skin, linings of internal organs, etc.- Muscle - Cardiac, Striated, Smooth- Nervous - Nerves, etc.Functions- Rebuild/Regrow themselves- Excrete Wastes- Secrete HormonesBone Cells- Osteoblast – Builds up bone (after a break, the one begins to regrow)- Osteoclast – Destroys bone (bone cells must repair themselves by first eliminating the damaged cells before they can be built up again)- Osteocyte – Matured bone cellOrgansOrgans have specialized functions, as an organ system, some organs work together to reach a common goal. - We maintain homeostasis with the coordination of all organs and organ systems- Homeostasis is a state in which our body is able to work most efficientlyAnatomical Positions, Planes, and DirectionsPositions- Fowler's (Head elevated)- Trendelenburg’s (Legs elevated above head)- Supine (On the back)- Prone (On the chest/stomach)Planes- Transverse/Horizontal (Half - Upper and Lower)- Frontal/Coronal (Half - Front to Back)- Sagittal (Quarters - Sides)- Mid-sagittal/Median (Half– Sides)Directions- Superior/Cephalic (Above)- Inferior/Caudal (Below)- Distal (Away from Midline)- Proximal (Closer to Midline)- Dorsal (Pertaining to the Back side)- Ventral (Pertaining to the Front side)- Lateral (To side)- Medial (To middle)Body Cavities- Cranial - Brain- Spinal – Spinal cord- Thoracic – Throat, lungs, and heart- Abdominal – Stomach, small and large intestines, and, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, bladder, and liver- Pelvic – Reproductive organsAbdominal Regions Abdominal QuadrantsRemember, the models are opposite of us! It is not a mirror! (Our Right’s and Left’s are