UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Mesopotamia II Early States Outline of Current Lecture III Egypt IV Egyptian social structure V Pharaohs VI Pyramids VII Egyptian beliefs of the afterlife Current Lecture Egypt Second major ancient civilization after Mesopotamia Located along the Nile River nicknamed the Nile River Valley Discovery Napoleon Bonaparte sent people to Egypt to study who then documented the area by writing 23 volumes Rosetta Stone Considered a sort of treaty Text written in 3 different languages Egyptian hieroglyphics Egyptian cursive and ancient Greek Provided the modern day interpretation and knowledge of Egyptian hieroglyphics Aida G Verdi Cairo 1871 very popular opera that later contributed to the national anthem of Egypt Social Structure King Pharaoh the most powerful leader to ever exist Pharaoh s court Egyptian Nobility Artisans Craftsman Peasantry Pharaohs Divine living God These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Unifier of Egypt King Narmer Protected by Horus God of the Sky son of Ra God of the Sun Akhenaton brought a new god Aton Sun God into Egypt who replaced Ra Common roles Commander in Chief Shepherd of his people Protector of social justice Ma at Once the pharaoh died his soul Ka would remain and was thought to have succeeded him People prayed to the Ka Built the great pyramids as tombs to protect it Pyramids Built to protect the soul and body of deceased Pharaohs Pharaohs were buried with their belongings and sealed inside the tombs Originally covered in white limestone Made of many massive blocks about 2 5 tons each A priest predicted that it would take 40 000 men to finish them in 20 years but it actually had to have taken 100 000 men to finish them in 20 years Blocks were cut out by starting a fire next to granite cliffs cutting out the blocks then using tools to carve them out of the side of the cliff Afterlife Everyone went to the same place Paradise Bodies were preserved mummification in order to preserve and protect them Nobility were buried in tombs where they were fed every day and the walls were covered in paintings of events from their lives Kept the Ka entertained Pictures of things they liked to do hunting farming drinking beer the funeral ceremony people mourning their death the banquet after the funeral Always plentiful food in paradise all crops grow constantly no off season
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