BY 124 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 39 I II III IV V VI Plant Movement cont Photoperiodic Control of Flowering How does the plant know about photoperiods Red vs Far Red Light Plant immune Regulation System Symbiotic Relationship between Parasitoid Wasps and Plants Chapter 31 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Kingdom Fungi Nutrition Mode of Fungi Structural Organization of Fungi Growth and Reproduction of Fungi Historical Aspect of Fungi Figure 31 8 Chyrtridiomycota Zygomycetes Glomeromycetes Ascomycetes Outline of Current Lecture Chapter 31 VII VIII Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes Chapter 32 I II III IV V VI VII VIII Kingdom Animalia Early Embryonic Development in Animals Choanoflagellates are closely related to animals Cambrian Explosion Tree of Life Symmetry Body Cavities and Germ Layers Protostome vs Deuterostome Development These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Chapter 33 I Kingdom Porifera Current Lecture Chapter 31 cont I II Basidiomycetes a Ex Puff balls b Life Cycle Figure 31 19 i Plasmogamy of two different cell types ii Karyogamy iii Be sure to review ALL fungal life cycles for test iv Similar to other life cycles c Mushroom that you actually see is the fruiting body Deuteromycota a Not listed as a real phylum b imperfect fungus c No one has really studied the life cycles of these i When they are studied the ones that are studied are often grouped under Phylum Ascomycota Chapter 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity I II Kingdom Animalia a Invertebrates vs vertebrates b Characteristics i Eukaryotic ii Heterotrophic must take in preformed food 1 Digestive not absorptive a Ingest and then digest food and then sends it out to be used by the body b waste from digestion must be sent out iii Store carbohydrates in glycogen iv No cell walls v Need oxygen to come in and carbon dioxide to leave vi More advanced animals have nerves and muscles Early Embryonic Development in Animals Figure 32 2 a flagellated sperm merges with egg to form zygote b Cleavage of cells no bigger than zygote forms blastula inside is called blastocoel c Gastrulation then occurs by the folding in of the embryo i Forms germ layers III IV V VI VII VIII 1 Usually has 2 layers endoderm and ectoderm a Sometimes has a 3rd layer called mesoderm Choanoflagellates are closely related to animals Figure 32 3 a Good prediction representation of what 1st eukaryotes may have looked like Cambrian Explosion a why there was an increase in diversity why they survived i increase in prey ii Hox genes iii Increase of oxygen and cellular respiration Tree of Life Figure 32 10 a Parazoa sponges i Different from all other animals because they do not form tissues b Rest of animals are called Eumetazoa Symmetry Figure 32 7 a Sponges symmetric b Radial symmetry can cut in any direction down the middle and it will be symmetric no matter what think of a pie i This are usually sessile animals meaning they won t move much c Bilateral symmetry can only cut in one direction down the middle in order to be symmetric think of a shovel i These animals are more mobile ii Distinct head region iii Have more sensory organs antennae eyes etc Body Cavities and Germ Layers Figure 32 8 i Some only have 2 layers diploblastic 1 Endo and ectoderm ii Some have three layers triploblastic 1 Endo meso and ectoderm a Coelomate a Coelom body cavity i Completely surrounded by mesoderm b Pseudocoelomates a space between mesoderm and endoderm c Acoelomates a No coelom cavity i No space between gut and outside wall Protostome vs Deuterostome Development Figure 32 9 a Protostome Deuterostome Cleavage Spiral and determinate Radial and indeterminate Coelom formation Parts of the mesoderm Forms as outpockets of Fate of blastopore Mouth vs Anus will split off and begin to the form the coelom independent of the rest of the mesoderm archenteron of the mesoderm Mouth forms first blastopore mouth Mouth forms second blastopore anus b Determinate vs indeterminate growth describes the fate of the cell early on i Determinate if you take the cells apart then only one off the cells will form a zygote ii Indeterminate If you take the cells apart then potentially all the cells could form a zygote iii at this point there are no germ layers need gastrulation still Chapter 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates I Kingdom Porifera to bear pores a Sponges all are aquatic b Have a sac structure c No radial symmetry d Used to be thought of as plants e Multicellular like all animals but do not form tissues f Do not gastrulate like other animals i Have epidermis g Choanocytes collar cells living inside Figure 33 4 h Osculum opening i Brings water into spores traps food in flagella digest inside choanocyte and then passes it over to amoebocyte INTRAcellular digestion i No circulatory system ii No digestive system j filter or suspension feeder k Classified by spicules i Calcium carbonate silica collagen like protein l No nervous system m Not extinct due to the fact that they release toxins when damaged or eaten