BY 124 1thEdition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Characteristics of land plantsA. CharacteristicsB. CharophyceansII. Three possible “plant” kingdomsA. FigureIII. Derived Traits of Land Plants A. How land plants are different from algaeIV. Plant EvolutionA. Why plants are important and what they evolved in order to be successful on landB. Major events that happened in land plantsC. Major trend**Current LectureChapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized LandI. Characteristics of Land Plants (Figure 6.9)i. Eukaryoticii. Autotrophic- use photosynthesis to feed themselvesiii. Cell wall- made of celluloseiv. Contains chlorophyll- pigment used for photosynthesisv. Starch- how they store their glucosevi. In the cell they have a characteristic large central vacuole- used for support and waterb. Charophyceans (Figure 29.3)i. An algae, closest relative of plantsii. Ways that Charophyceans are similar to today’s land plants1. Have rose-shaped complexes where cellulose is made2. Peroxisome enzymes- break down long chain fatty acids3. Flagellated sperm- not all plants have flagellated sperm though4. Phragmoplast- aids in cell wall formation between two daughter cellsII. Three possible “plant” kingdoms (Figure 29.4)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Charophytes survived land because sporopollenin which keeps egg/exposed zygotes from drying outIII. Derived Traits of Land Plants (Figure 29.5)a. How plants are different from algae:i. Land plants have apical meristems (found anywhere a plant is supposed to be growing → like embryonic cells)ii. Plants undergo alternation of generations1. For fern, sporophyte (2n) is dominant generation2. Alternation of generationa. Dominant generation (sporophyte) undergoes meiosis to form sporesb. Spores (n)0- reproductive cells that develop directly into organisms without fusion with another celli. Gametes have to fuse with another cellc. Spore undergoes mitosis to become a gametophyte (n)d. Gametophyte undergoes mitosis to get gametes (n)iii. Walled spores- keep spore protectediv. Multicellular organ structure where gametes are made:1. Archegonia- female (♀), eggs 2. Antheridia- male (♂), spermv. Multicellular dependent embryos retained in archegonia1. Placental transfer cells feed embryoIV. Plant Evolution (Figure 29.7)a. Why are plants important? What did they evolve to be successful?i. Cuticle- keeps plants from drying outii. Stoma(ta)- allows for CO2 to come in from bottom of leavesiii. Lignin- creates bark (has been found in some mosses)iv. Gamete dispersion- wind, self-pollination, animalsv. Vascular systemvi. Protection from predators- spikes, poisonvii. Pigments protect from sunlightb. 4 major events that occurred in land plantsi. Origin of land plants from ancestral algae (475 million years ago)ii. Origin of vascular plants (425 mya)iii. Origin on seed plants (305 mya)iv. Origin of flowering plants c. Major trend in plant evolution: the reduction of the haploid generation and they dominance of the diploid
View Full Document
Unlocking...