BY 124 9th Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 29 I Nonvascular vs Vascular Characteristics II Nonvascular Plants III Seedless Vascular Plants Chapter 30 I II III Three Advantages to seed plants over non seeded early plants Review Figure 30 2 Gymnosperms Figure 30 3 and Figure 30 5 Outline of Current Lecture Chapter 30 I Angiosperms II Monocots and Eudicots Chapter 35 I II III IV V Flowering Plant Anatomy Overview Types of Roots Evolutionary adaptations of roots Evolutionary adaptations of leaves Types of Plant Cells Current Lecture Chapter 30 cont I Angiosperms 140 mya a Phylum Anthophyta only phylum i Flowering plants have seeds enclosed in ovary ii Pollination done by wind iii Have another cell in xylem called vessel cells iv All sepals form the calyx group of sepals v Fruit helps disperse seeds These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute vi Alternation of generations vii Heterosporous viii Get 8 nuclei from mitosis but only 7 cells Did NOT undergo cytokinesis polar nuclei has 2 nuclei II 1 Generative and tube cells come from 1st mitotic event 2 Sperm and sperm come from 2nd mitotic event ix Sperm joins with egg and sterile sperm binds with polar nuclei 1 Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms x Polar nuclei forms endospore as food for embryo Monocots and Eudicots Figure 30 13 a Monocots ex Orchids lilies grass i One cotyledon embryo ii Veins usually parallel iii Vascular tissue scattered iv Fibrous root v Pollen grain with 1 opening vi Usually occur in multiples of 3 b Eudicots i Two cotyledons ii Veins are usually netlike iii Vascular tissue usually arranged in ring iv Tap root v Pollen grain with 3 openings vi Floral organs in multiples of 4 or 5 Chapter 35 Plant Structure Growth and Development I Flowering Plant Anatomy Overview Figure 35 2 a Root system water and nutrients hold anchor storage b Shoot system main body reproduction c Leaf i Blade ii Petiole stem of leaf d Vegetative shoot forms leaves and fruit e Reproductive shoot forms flower f Nodes are where plants have things attached to them II III IV V g Apical on top and axillary on stem buds Types of Roots Figure 35 4 a Adventitious root any root that arises after embryonic state of plant b Root hairs increase surface area not adventitious roots c strangling roots aerial roots d Pneumatophores help with air e Buttress roots support f Prop roots support g Storage roots stores food and water Evolutionary adaptations of stems a Rhizomes stem like root not an actual root grows close to surface b Bulb underground shoots that store food onions c Stolons runners allow plant to reproduce asexually strawberries d Tubers enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons specialized for storage of food potatoes Evolutionary adaptations of leaves a Tendrils help move plants beans b Spines protection cacti c Storage leaves store water aloe plants d Reproductive leaves produce adventitious leaves that can fall off and take root in soil e Bracts modified leaves poinsettias red part Types of Plant Cells Figure 35 10 a Parenchyma found everywhere i Relatively unspecialized ii Support iii No secondary cell wall iv Thin flexible v VERY large central vacuole vi Where most cell activity occurs vii Mature cells do not divide b Collenchyma i No secondary cell wall capable of elongation 1 Plant takes in water and stretches cells up ii Support of young plants and stems of non woody plants c Sclerenchyma i Secondary cell wall ii Lignin iii Found in areas of plant that have stopped growing iv Dead areas but can still grow if needed d Xylem cells Tracheophytes i Two types 1 Vessel elements help transport water throughout plant by micropipes 2 Tracheids small micropipes ii Holes in cell wall plasmodesmata iii Dead at maturity e Phloem cells i Two types 1 Sieve tube lose nuclei and organelles now just a bag of cytoplasm 2 Companion cells help support sieve tubes ii The two types come from same stem cells but develop differently iii Alive at maturity