BY 124 1thEdition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I Characteristics of land plants A Characteristics B Charophyceans II Three possible plant kingdoms A Figure III IV Derived Traits of Land Plants A How land plants are different from algae Plant Evolution A Why plants are important and what they evolved in order to be successful on land B Major events that happened in land plants C Major trend Current Lecture Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land I II Characteristics of Land Plants Figure 6 9 i Eukaryotic ii Autotrophic use photosynthesis to feed themselves iii Cell wall made of cellulose iv Contains chlorophyll pigment used for photosynthesis v Starch how they store their glucose vi In the cell they have a characteristic large central vacuole used for support and water b Charophyceans Figure 29 3 i An algae closest relative of plants ii Ways that Charophyceans are similar to today s land plants 1 Have rose shaped complexes where cellulose is made 2 Peroxisome enzymes break down long chain fatty acids 3 Flagellated sperm not all plants have flagellated sperm though 4 Phragmoplast aids in cell wall formation between two daughter cells Three possible plant kingdoms Figure 29 4 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV a Charophytes survived land because sporopollenin which keeps egg exposed zygotes from drying out Derived Traits of Land Plants Figure 29 5 a How plants are different from algae i Land plants have apical meristems found anywhere a plant is supposed to be growing like embryonic cells ii Plants undergo alternation of generations 1 For fern sporophyte 2n is dominant generation 2 Alternation of generation a Dominant generation sporophyte undergoes meiosis to form spores b Spores n 0 reproductive cells that develop directly into organisms without fusion with another cell i Gametes have to fuse with another cell c Spore undergoes mitosis to become a gametophyte n d Gametophyte undergoes mitosis to get gametes n iii Walled spores keep spore protected iv Multicellular organ structure where gametes are made 1 Archegonia female eggs 2 Antheridia male sperm v Multicellular dependent embryos retained in archegonia 1 Placental transfer cells feed embryo Plant Evolution Figure 29 7 a Why are plants important What did they evolve to be successful i Cuticle keeps plants from drying out ii Stoma ta allows for CO2 to come in from bottom of leaves iii Lignin creates bark has been found in some mosses iv Gamete dispersion wind self pollination animals v Vascular system vi Protection from predators spikes poison vii Pigments protect from sunlight b 4 major events that occurred in land plants i Origin of land plants from ancestral algae 475 million years ago ii Origin of vascular plants 425 mya iii Origin on seed plants 305 mya iv Origin of flowering plants c Major trend in plant evolution the reduction of the haploid generation and they dominance of the diploid generation
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