BIO 181 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current LectureI. Hierarchy of OrganizationII. Seven Characteristics of LifeOutline of Current Lecture I. Hierarchy of Organization ~ each step you move up in, emerging properties are displayedA. Cellular Level1. atoms: fundamental elements of matter2. molecules: are atoms joined together into cluster3. organelles: complex biological molecules assembled into tiny structure 4. cells: membrane-bounded unitsa) cell basic unit of lifeb) many independent organisms are composed of only one single cells such as bacteriac) animals, plants, fungi, algae are multicellularB. Organismal Level: cells in complex multicellular organism exhibit three levels of organization1. Tissues: most basic level of cell organizationa) groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit2. organs: groups of tissuesa) second level of cell organizationb) composed of several different tissues that act as a structural and functional unit3. organ systemsa) third level of cell organizationb) organs are grouped into these systemsc) ex: nervous system, consist of sensory organs(1) the brain, spinal cord and neurons II. Seven Characteristics of LifeA. cellular organization1. all organisms consist of one or more cells2. carry out the basic activities of living1. ordered complexitya. all living things are both complex and highly orderb. your body is composed of many different kinds of cells2. sensitivitya. all organism respond to stimulib. ex: plant grow toward a source of light3. Growth, development, and reproductiona. organism are capable of growing and reproducing,b. they all possess hereditary molecules that are passed to their offspringc. ensuring offspring’s are of the same species4. energy utilizationa. all organism take in energy and use it for workb. ex: every muscle of your body is powered with energy5. Homoeostasis a. all organism maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environmentb. ex: your body temperature remains stable despite changes in outside temperature6. Evolutionary adaptationa. organism interact with other organisms and nonliving environment in ways that influence their survivalb. as a consequence, organisms evolve adaptations to their environmentc. structural adaptation: giraffe growing longer necks to reach the trees7. Movementa. basic requirementb. all living things move8. Water:a. all cells require water even single cell organismsa. ex: dust mites even need moisture in the air to
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