Bio 181 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last LectureI. Diversity of LifeII. ProkaryoticIII. EukaryoticOutline of Current LectureI. EcologyII. BehaviorEcology❖ ecology: the study of organisms interacting with each other and their environment➢ Biotic component: living things that affects the ecosystem■ ex: including animals that consume the organism ➢ abiotic component: nonliving things that affects the ecosystem■ chemicals and physical parts that affect the environment and living things➢ Climate: prevailing long-term weather conditions in a region, while➢ weather: short-term conditions of temperature, precipitation, sunlight■ Macroclimate: entire global climate patterns- such as sunlight■ Microclimate: local variations in climateBehavior: what an animal does and how it done❖ Proximate- part of behavior and how it occurs➢ immediate stimuli and mechanisms❖ Ultimate: looks at the reason why a behavior evolves➢ how does a certain behavior contribute to survival and reproduction➢ Why do giraffes feed on acacia trees■ nutrition and lack of competition os why a giraffe started feeding on these trees and assist in their reproduction and survival● the use of the giraffe long tongue and tough skin on the nose helps them reach these tough and rough skin fruit❖ Nature vs. Nurture➢ Nurture more evolution explanation and genetics which is the ultimate➢ nature- something about environment and learn behavior, modifies response to experience more proximate➢ Genetic vs. Environmental?■ all behavior genetic basis or modified by environment■ Innate behavior: instinct, genetically programmed ■ Learned behavior: modified in response to experience➢ Intrauterine position effect (IUP) “womb-mates”■ hormones travel through amniotic fluid,■ affecting neighboring littermates■ testosterone most important to this effect■ females gaining high levels from their brothers● typically more aggressive, less offspring, more likely to have
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