BIOL 1361 1nd Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. SynapseII. At Chemical SynapseIII. Cell Communications and HormonesIV. HormonesV. Signaling ModesVI. PheromonesVII. Protein SecretionVIII. Hormonal Regulation of Target CellsIX. Water Soluble (hydrophilic) HormonesX. Signaling Pathway XI. Figure 5.25XII. Signal TransductionOutline of Current LectureI. Lipid Soluble HormonesII. Compare and Contrast Receptor TypesIII. Hormonal Regulation of Gametogenesis in VertebratesIV. Hormonal Regulation of Gametogenesis in VertebratesV. Hormones and SpermatogenesisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VI. Role of HormonesCurrent Lecture*40% will be comprehensive*60% will be from the Unit 3 materialI. Lipid Soluble Hormonesa. Structurei. Steroids – lipids derived from cholesterolii. Thyroid Hormones – tyrosine + Ib. Signaling Pathwayi. Intracellular receptor1. Receptors are inside the nucleus2. The hormone will enter the cell to interact with the receptor3. Receptors then form a pair4. Then the proteins can move to the chromosomes to interact with the DNA to turn on process of transcriptionc. Gene Transcriptioni. Lipid-soluble hormones cross cell membrane by simple diffusionii. In cytosol, hormone binds to receptoriii. Hormone-receptor complexes form DIMERS before activating gene transcriptiond. Signal Inactivationi. Enzymes in liver1. Break down hormones2. Add sugars, -OH, or –SO4 groups to increase water solubilityii. Kidney excretes inactive moleculesII. Compare and Contrast Receptor TypesPlasma Membrane ReceptorIntracellular ReceptorHormone Solubility (water of lipid)Location of Hormone Interaction with Cell Signal Transduction MechanismIII. Endocrine Axisa. Hypothalamus Pituitary Endocrine Gland Target Tissue (flow chart)b. Regulates metabolism, growth, stress response, reproductionIV. Hormonal Regulation of Gametogenesis in Vertebratesa. Reproductive endocrine axisi. Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonad (flow chart)ii. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) – the first arrow1. Stimulates pituitary gland to make 2 hormonesiii. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – the second arrowiv. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – the second arrowv. Steroid Hormones are in the Gonad and can interact with the vi. All 3 of those are proteins are water soluble so they’ll interact with the plasma membraneb. Spermatogenesisi. Spermatogonium ii. Primary Spermatocyteiii. Secondary Spermatocyteiv. Spermatids (two stages)v. Sperm Cell vi. Occurs in the seminiferous tubulesvii. Spermatogonia = sperm mother cells (46 shromosomes) divide by meiosisto produce sperm (23 chromosomes)viii. Sertoli Cells – provide nutrients to spermatocytesV. Hormones and Spermatogenesisa. GnRH from the hypothalamusi. Stimulates pituitary release of LH and FSHb. FSH stimulates mitosis of spermatogoniac. LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce Testosterone d. Testosteronei. Initiates meiosis of 1 degree spermatocytesii. Enhances sperm motilityiii. Has negative feedback on pituitary and hypothalamusVI. Role of Hormonesa. T stimulates fluid secretion from epididymis and seminal vesicleb. Estradiol stimulates fluid reabsorption in epididymis, promoting sperm
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