BIOL 1361 1nd Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Amino II. Eukaryotic Organelles and MacromoleculesIII. Biomolecules: Nucleic AcidsOutline of Current Lecture I. Review Exam 1 QuestionsII. PolymersIII. Function of NucleotidesIV. Endomembrane SystemV. Golgi ApparatusCurrent LectureI. Review Exam 1 Questionsa. Which statement about the hemoglobin oxygen saturation graph is false?i. Curve b shows a hemoglobin solution with a lower Cooperativity than curve aii. Curve b shows a hemoglobin solution with lower oxygen affinity than curve aiii. Curve b shows a hemoglobin solution with a higher p50 than curve aiv. Curve a represents the hemoglobin-oxygen binding relationship at a higher ph than curve bv. Maximum oxygen saturation is similar for curve a and curve b b. Which statement about the Na+ K Pump is true?i. The Na K pump is a channel protein through which NA moves down its concentration gradientii. Intracellular Na is higher than extracellular Na, due to Na K pump activityiii. Na K pump activity maintains intracellular K higher than extracellular Kiv. The Na K pump moves Na and K across cell membrane by facilitated diffusionv. The Na K pump is a carrier protein that changes shape when it cleaves ATPII. Polymersa. PolymersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Molecules made of monomers (repeated subunits) joined by covalent bondsii. Monomers linked by dehydration reactions – removal of an O and 2 Hb. Nucleotide Polymersi. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)ii. RNA v. DNA: different sugars, different N basesiii. Figure 3.26Civ. RNA1. Sugar = ribose2. Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine A, Guanine G, Cytosine C, Uracil Uv. DNA1. Sugar = deoxyribose2. Nitrogenous bases: Adenine A, Guanine G, Cytosine C, Thymine TIII. Function of Nucleotidesa. Nucleotide sequence provides instructions for making a protein (same for DNA and RNA)b. DNAi. Is inherited from parent to offspringii. Stores instructionsc. RNAi. Transcribes (AKA copies) information on the DNAii. Interacts with cellular organelles (mostly ribosomes) to direct protein synthesisIV. Endomembrane System (Rough ER and Smooth ER)a. Biomolecules: Phospholipidsi. Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acids + phosphate & Cholineii. Joined by an ester linkageiii. Lipids are not polymers1. No repeating subunitsb. Endoplasmic Reticulumi. Membrane system continuous with outer membrane of the nucleusii. Smooth ER synthesizes lipids: fatty acids, phospholipids, fats, steroidsiii. Rough ER is the site of protein synthesis1. Ribosomes synthesize proteinsV. Golgi Apparatusa. Proteins made in rough ER are wrapped in vesiclesb. Vesicles fuse with Golgi apparatus and deliver proteinsc. Within Golgi apparatus, proteins are modified or stored, then re-wrapped in vesicles to travel to final destination – cell membrane or secretion outside celli. Example: insulin, a protein hormone & pancreatic enzymesVI. Lysosomesa. Vesicles (sacs of membrane) filled with enzymes that digest biomoleculesb. Dispose of cellular debris and worn out organellesVII. Proteins and the Cytoskeleton (Ch 3.5 and 4.6)a. Cytoskeletoni. Provides structural support for cellii. Made of proteinVIII. Macromolecules: Proteinsa. Structurei. Monomer – amino acidii. Linkage – peptide bond links amino
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